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COMPUTER BASICS Vocab and Terminology
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What do all of these terms have in common? DesktopServer Workstation Handheld Laptop/Notebook Supercomputer Mainframe TYPES OF COMPUTERS!
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Desktop Microcomputer A personal computer system for individual use, made to fit on the top of a desk.
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Workstation A powerful desktop computer with massive computing power that meets the needs of engineers, architects, and other professionals who require detailed graphic displays.
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Laptop/Notebook A flat-screen, battery-powered, portable computer that can rest on your lap.
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Supercomputer A sophisticated, expensive computer that executes complex calculations at the maximum speed permitted by state-of-the-art technology. These computers are mostly used by the government and for scientific research.
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Mainframe A large, powerful, computer system capable of accommodating hundreds of users doing different computing tasks.
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Server A computer especially designed to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network.
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Handheld A portable computer that is small enough to be tucked into a jacket pocket or to fit in your hand.
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COMPUTER PERFORMANCE & PROCESSING
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Boot Process When starting or restarting the computer, it is the process of loading the operating system into the computer’s memory.
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Input Information entered into the computer for processing.
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Binary Code A number system with a base of 2. It uses only two values, zero and one.
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Data Unorganized, unprocessed information (raw material).
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Information Data that has been processed so as to make it useful for a specific purpose.
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Output Information given out by the computer-usually shown on monitor or a printer.
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COMPUTER COMPONENTS & HARDWARE
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System Unit The main unit of a computer that contains the CPU, motherboard,and other components necessary for processing information.
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CPU Central Processing Unit The CPU controls the operations of a computer. It performs arithmetic and logical operations and decodes and executes instructions.
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Silicon Chip A thin wafer of silicon containing electronic circuitry (transistor) that performs various functions.
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MHZ Megahertz A unit of measurement for a computer’s clock speed; millions of cycles per second.
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RAM Random Access Memory A computer’s memory chip or chips containing the temporary or volatile memory in which program instructions and data are stored while being used by a computer. When a computer is off, all data in RAM is lost if not saved.
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ROM Read Only Memory Memory that can be read, but not changed. Read- only memory is non-volatile storage that contains essential computer instructions and does not lose its contents even when the power is turned off.
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Bit Binary Digit The smallest unit of information a computer can hold. A bit has a value of 0 or 1.
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