1. www.soran.edu.iq Inorganic chemistry Assistance Lecturer Amjad Ahmed Jumaa Isotopes of uranium. Nuclear chemistry. Types of radiations. 1

2. www.soran.edu.iq Isotopes of uranium: There are three isotopes of uranium,  Natural uranium consists almost entirely of uranium-238, with about 0.72% of uranium-235, and 0.006% of uranium-234. These isotopes are particularly important in atomic energy. Structure: The, atomic number (Z), of the three isotopes of uranium is 92and their mass numbers (A), are 238,235,234. Thus each isotope has 92 extra nuclear electron and 92 protons. The number of neutrons (A-Z).

3. www.soran.edu.iq 238-92=146 neutrons for uranium-238. 235-92=143 neutrons for uranium-235. 234-92=142 neutrons for uranium-234. The atomic structure of the three isotopes of uranium may be represented as:

4. www.soran.edu.iq Nuclear chemistry: In a nuclear reaction, it is the nucleus of the atom is involved, the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus changes to form a new element. A study of the nuclear changes in atoms is termed nuclear chemistry. Radioactivity: A number of elements such as uranium and radium are unstable; their atomic nucleus breaks of its own accord. To form a smaller atomic nucleus of another element Radiation: The protons and neutrons in the unstable nucleus regroup to give the new nucleus; this causes the release of excess particles and energy from the original nucleus, which we call radiation.

5. www.soran.edu.iq Radioactive: The elements whose atomic nucleus emits radiation are said to be radioactive. Radioactive decay (disintegration): Is the spontaneous breaking down of the unstable atoms, the disintegration or decay of unstable atoms accompanied by emission of radiation is called radioactivity. Types of radiations:  The radioactive radiation is of three types. These were sorted by Rutherford (1902). 1-The one bending towards the negative plate carried positive charge and were named alpha (α)-rays. Types of radiations:  The radioactive radiation is of three types. These were sorted by Rutherford (1902). 1-The one bending towards the negative plate carried positive charge and were named alpha (α)-rays.

6. www.soran.edu.iq 2- negative charge were called beta (β)-rays, bending toward the positive plate. 3-The type of radiation, being uncharged passed straight through the electric field and were named gamma (γ)-rays.