2. Philip II of Macedonia King of Macedonia at age 23. Brilliant general and ruthless politician.King of Macedonia at age 23. Brilliant general and ruthless politician. Greeks saw Macedonians as “uncivilized”.Greeks saw Macedonians as “uncivilized”. Wants to reunite and take control of Greece and wants to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece.Wants to reunite and take control of Greece and wants to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece. Had well trained army and defeated Athens and Thebes for control. Ends Greek independence.Had well trained army and defeated Athens and Thebes for control. Ends Greek independence. Dead at 36. Never invaded Persia.Dead at 36. Never invaded Persia.

3. Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E.

4. Alexander the Great ’ s Empire

5. Alexander the Great in Persia MOSAIC STYLE ART

6. Alexander and invasion of Persia Crosses into Persia with cavalry.Crosses into Persia with cavalry. Victory over Darius III, even though out numbered. Element of surprise.Victory over Darius III, even though out numbered. Element of surprise. Darius III tries to compromise (all land W of Euphrates) and Alex says “no, I want it all”.Darius III tries to compromise (all land W of Euphrates) and Alex says “no, I want it all”. Goes to Egypt (dislike Persians) and they announce him as a Pharaoh.Goes to Egypt (dislike Persians) and they announce him as a Pharaoh. Finally takes Persepolis, Darius on the killed while on the run.Finally takes Persepolis, Darius on the killed while on the run. Continues east to India.Continues east to India.

7. The irony of it all… Alexander adopts some aspects of Persian culture and customs.Alexander adopts some aspects of Persian culture and customs. Takes a Persian wife.Takes a Persian wife. Allows conquered people to join army.Allows conquered people to join army. Greek culture becomes a mixture of Greek and Eastern/Persian customs.Greek culture becomes a mixture of Greek and Eastern/Persian customs. 17 th century tapestry of Alexander the Great among the Persians

8. Building Greek Cities in the East

9. Pergamum: A New “ Hellenistic ” City Cosmopolitan Culture

10. Trade in the Hellenistic World

11. Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

12. Hellenic vs. Hellenistic Art

13. The “ Known ” World – 3c B.C.E.

14. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences  Scientists / Mathematicians:  Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.  Euclid  geometry.  Archimedes  pulley.  Ptolemy  geocentric theory.

15. Alexander dies. 32 years old.32 years old. Cause of death: fever.Cause of death: fever. Other leaders fight for control.Other leaders fight for control. –Antigonus: gets Macedonia and Greek city-states. –Ptolemy: becomes Pharaoh of Egypt. –Seleucus: gets Persian empire.

16. The Breakup of Alexander ’ s Empire

17. The Incursion of Rome into the Hellenistic World