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Published byGeraldine Tyler Modified over 9 years ago
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Liberal Typologies
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Origins §Three common elements l focus on input side attitudes, culture, roles, pol parties and linkages among all §Soc/pol divisions culturally defined §Normative concern: stability l dependent variables selected re stability
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Questions §What is a typology? §Why use them?
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Lijphart’s critique §Societal consensus not pre-req for stability §Elite values more interesting
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Statist critique §Challenge Easton §From inputs to withinputs §functional/class divisions §rel power of functionally defined groups in state & society §look at variety of system performance l not just stability
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Lange & Meadwell’s task §compare liberal and statist approaches & typologies §Argue that correlating typologies could tell us how to explain performance and the choices of citizens
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Method §Typologies old-fashioned? §Don’t lose valuable post WWII data §define democracy §confine cases to advanced industrial
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Five typologies §Liberal l Almond & Lijphart l Sartori l Powell §Pol Economy l Labour inclusion l Labour power
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Lijphart §Cultural divisions §Reflects elite values brought to encounters §“Consociational”
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Sartori §Beyond party systems to political systems? §Structure of party systems §Two predictors: ideology and fragmentation
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Powell §Majorities produced? §Party-society linkage l mobilization, etc. §Extremist systems (15% vote) l corr with instability & rioting
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Political economy §corporatist stabilization §bargaining power of labour l some systemic outcomes better explained by corporatism than by arrangements in parties-cabinet- leg nexus l party system in disarray, but system intact l corp may explain social peace
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Analysis §explain why we have (a few) cases of corporatism with weak labour movements. Anomalies Neths with high union centralization and low labour power/left presence l Theoretically possible to have strong labour and weak corporatism
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Wage restraint §Short term sacrifice of wages in return for welfare gains in future §Explanations: terms of the exchange itself export dependent small economies have to be disciplined organization of labour (peak assocs) l features of party system: eg social democratic party in power
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Dependent variables §Stability l not promising §System performance §Pol outcomes l govt stability l pol violence
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Pol-Econ outcomes §Positivist expectations remain (Keynesian) l growth l unemployment l inflation l strikes l govt borrowing
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