1. Metadata and Digital Libraries M. SURULINATHI Assistant Librarian

2. Introduction Metadata offers a key approach for organizing, managing, preserving digital material and to support search and retrieval (resource discovery) and inter-operability. Metadata offers a key approach for organizing, managing, preserving digital material and to support search and retrieval (resource discovery) and inter-operability. We need to understand: We need to understand: what is metadata,what is metadata, types of metadata,types of metadata, uses of metadata,uses of metadata, metadata schemes (standards),metadata schemes (standards), examples and applicationsexamples and applications

3. What is Metadata? Data about dataData about data Metadata is structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use, or manage an information resource. Metadata is often called data about data or information about information.Metadata is structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use, or manage an information resource. Metadata is often called data about data or information about information. Structured informationStructured information Describes, explains, locates an information resourceDescribes, explains, locates an information resource Makes it easier to retrieve, use or manage an information resourceMakes it easier to retrieve, use or manage an information resource

4. META DATA Digital material DocumentsAudio VideoDatabase Author: … Title: …. Subject: … Source type: … Format: … ….

5. What Does Metadata Describe? PapersPapers ArticlesArticles ImagesImages SoundSound CollectionsCollections User profilesUser profiles

6. Types of Metadata DescriptiveDescriptive Purpose: Resource discovery and identificationPurpose: Resource discovery and identification Ex.: Title, abstract, author, URL, keywords, etc.Ex.: Title, abstract, author, URL, keywords, etc. Administrative & Rights ManagementAdministrative & Rights Management Purpose: Help manage a resourcePurpose: Help manage a resource Ex.: Who created and when, who can access, content format, rights information, etc.Ex.: Who created and when, who can access, content format, rights information, etc. Structural metadataStructural metadata Purpose: Document structurePurpose: Document structure Ex.: Chapter, section, paragraphEx.: Chapter, section, paragraph

7. Metadata Schemes and Element Sets Dublin CoreDublin Core MARCMARC Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) Learning Object MetadataLearning Object Metadata The Encoded Archival Description (EAD)The Encoded Archival Description (EAD) MPEG Multimedia MetadataMPEG Multimedia Metadata

8. Dublin Core – 15 Elements Title=”Metadata Demystified”Title=”Metadata Demystified” Creator=”Brand, Amy”Creator=”Brand, Amy” ContributorContributor Subject=”metadata”Subject=”metadata” Description=”Presents an overview of metadataDescription=”Presents an overview of metadata conventions in publishing.” Publisher=”The Sheridan Press”Publisher=”The Sheridan Press” Date=”2003-07"Date=”2003-07" Source Type=”Text”Source Type=”Text” SourceSource Format=”application/pdf”Format=”application/pdf” Identifier=”http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Meta data_Demystified.pdf”Identifier=”http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Meta data_Demystified.pdf” Language=”en”Language=”en” Etc.,Etc.,

9. Metadata Example: GSDL Digital Library Collections Use of Metadata for Browse and SearchUse of Metadata for Browse and Search Use of Metadata for Document Structuring (Hierarchical Browsing)Use of Metadata for Document Structuring (Hierarchical Browsing)

10. DC at Greenstone

11. A GSDL DL Collection: Metadata Browse & Search

12. Metadata Example: D space software Context: Content management in an academic intranet

13. Metadata Display Window

14. Fulltext Article

15. MARC at LOC Online Catalogue

16. Uses of Metadata Resource discoveryResource discovery Finding, searching and identifying resourcesFinding, searching and identifying resources Field-based browse/ searchField-based browse/ search Organizing electronic resourcesOrganizing electronic resources Ex.: Internet resource catalogues (web resource directories), Institutional publication archives, intranet content managementEx.: Internet resource catalogues (web resource directories), Institutional publication archives, intranet content management InteroperabilityInteroperability Exchange of data between systems – metadata standards facilitate cross-searching and sharing (metadata harvesting – OAI protocol)Exchange of data between systems – metadata standards facilitate cross-searching and sharing (metadata harvesting – OAI protocol)

17. Uses of Metadata Digital identification, Bibliographic controlDigital identification, Bibliographic control Uniquely describe, identify & locate the digital object referred by the metadataUniquely describe, identify & locate the digital object referred by the metadata PURL, DOI (Cross Ref), Open URLPURL, DOI (Cross Ref), Open URL Archiving and preservationArchiving and preservation Data elements to track the lineage, physical characteristics, etc.Data elements to track the lineage, physical characteristics, etc. Efforts are on to define metadata schemes for digital preservation (e.g. ISO’s Open Archival Information System OAIS)Efforts are on to define metadata schemes for digital preservation (e.g. ISO’s Open Archival Information System OAIS)

18. Conclusion Most early metadata standards have focused on the descriptive elements needed for discovery, identification, and retrieval. As metadata initiatives developed, administrative metadata, especially in the rights and preservation areas was further emphasized. Most early metadata standards have focused on the descriptive elements needed for discovery, identification, and retrieval. As metadata initiatives developed, administrative metadata, especially in the rights and preservation areas was further emphasized. Technical metadata is one area that still does not get much attention in metadata schemas. The effective exchange and use of the digital objects described by the metadata often requires knowledge of specific technical aspects of the objects beyond its filename and type. Technical metadata is one area that still does not get much attention in metadata schemas. The effective exchange and use of the digital objects described by the metadata often requires knowledge of specific technical aspects of the objects beyond its filename and type.

19. Conclusion The World Wide Web has created a revolution in the accessibility of information. The development and application of metadata represents a major improvement in the way information can be discovered and used. The World Wide Web has created a revolution in the accessibility of information. The development and application of metadata represents a major improvement in the way information can be discovered and used. New technologies, standards, and best practices are continually advancing the applications for metadata. New technologies, standards, and best practices are continually advancing the applications for metadata.

20. Reference http://www.niso.org/publications/press/Unders tandingMetadata.pdfhttp://www.niso.org/publications/press/Unders tandingMetadata.pdfhttp://www.niso.org/publications/press/Unders tandingMetadata.pdfhttp://www.niso.org/publications/press/Unders tandingMetadata.pdf http://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/raja/is206/topic- 10.htmhttp://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/raja/is206/topic- 10.htmhttp://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/raja/is206/topic- 10.htmhttp://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/raja/is206/topic- 10.htm http://digital- scholarship.org/digitalkoans/2008/04/14/meta data-for-digital-libraries-state-of-the-art-and- future-directions-published/http://digital- scholarship.org/digitalkoans/2008/04/14/meta data-for-digital-libraries-state-of-the-art-and- future-directions-published/http://digital- scholarship.org/digitalkoans/2008/04/14/meta data-for-digital-libraries-state-of-the-art-and- future-directions-published/http://digital- scholarship.org/digitalkoans/2008/04/14/meta data-for-digital-libraries-state-of-the-art-and- future-directions-published/ http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/geospatial- metadata-standardshttp://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/geospatial- metadata-standardshttp://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/geospatial- metadata-standardshttp://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/geospatial- metadata-standards