1. PROGRESSIVISM “It is just plain wrong for some people, by tricks and wiles, to get a stranglehold on business and politics, while others are cheated out of the opportunity.” - Theodore Roosevelt

2. PROGRESSIVE IDEALS AND OBJECTIVES How did progressives address the country’s social problems? How did progressives address the country’s social problems? How did progressives change government? How did progressives change government?

3. FOUR GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM 1. Protect social welfare 2. Promote moral improvement 3. Creating economic reform 4. Fostering efficiency

4. SOCIAL REFORMS Social welfare reform movement Social welfare reform movement Moral reform movement Moral reform movement Economic reform movement Economic reform movement Movement for industrial efficiency Movement for industrial efficiency Movement to protect workers Movement to protect workers

5. PROGRESSIVISM: Fixing Social Problems New laws (codes) required buildings to: Be properly litBe properly lit Properly ventilatedProperly ventilated Have running waterHave running water

6. PROGRESSIVISM: Fixing Social Problems “Planning” city growth. City Planners Zoning lawsZoning laws Safe building codesSafe building codes Public parksPublic parks Civil Engineers Planned street pavingPlanned street paving Bridge buildingBridge building Sanitation Engineers Solved waste and water problemsSolved waste and water problems

7. PROGRESSIVISM: Fixing Social Problems John Dewey John Dewey Education Reformer Education Reformer Stressed critical thinking and problem solving Stressed critical thinking and problem solving “True learning is based on discovery guided by mentoring rather than the transmission of knowledge”.

8. Reforming the Workplace Objectives How did progressives attempt to change labor laws? How did progressives attempt to change labor laws? How did the Supreme Court react to labor legislation? How did the Supreme Court react to labor legislation? How did labor organize to improve working conditions? How did labor organize to improve working conditions?

9. PROGRESSIVISM: Child Labor Laws In 1900 1.75 million children under 15 worked in mines, mills, and factories. In 1900 1.75 million children under 15 worked in mines, mills, and factories. Florence Kelley led the fight against child labor. Florence Kelley led the fight against child labor. Congress passes child labor laws. Congress passes child labor laws. Supreme Court finds them unconstitutional. Says it’s a state issue. Supreme Court finds them unconstitutional. Says it’s a state issue.

10. PROGRESSIVISM: Other Labor Reform Eight-hour workday Eight-hour workday Higher wages Higher wages Minimum wage laws Minimum wage laws Maximum hour laws for women and children Maximum hour laws for women and children Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 146 women died 146 women died Doors were locked Doors were locked Made people call for change Made people call for change

12. PROGRESSIVISM: Labor Organizations Union membership in 1900: 800,000 people. Union membership in 1900: 800,000 people. Union membership in 1920: 5 million people. Union membership in 1920: 5 million people. Industrial Workers of the World Industrial Workers of the World Wanted socialism – government ownership of means of production. Wanted socialism – government ownership of means of production. All workers in one large union. All workers in one large union. The union was too radical for most people. The union was too radical for most people.

13. POLITICAL REFORMS Movement to reform local government Movement to reform local government State reform of big business State reform of big business Movement for election reform Movement for election reform

14. PROGRESSIVISM: Changing Government Expanding Democracy Reducing the Influence of Political Machines Secret ballotSecret ballot Direct primaryDirect primary 17 th Amendment17 th Amendment RecallRecall InitiativeInitiative ReferendumReferendum

15. PROGRESSIVISM: Changing Government Fighting” Bob LaFollette “Fighting” Bob LaFollette Wisconsin GovernorWisconsin Governor Challenged power of bossesChallenged power of bosses Wisconsin IdeaWisconsin Idea hired experts from University of Wisconsin to make write laws, help government.hired experts from University of Wisconsin to make write laws, help government.

16. PROGRESSIVISM: The Supreme Court 14 th Amendment used to defend corporations against labor laws. 14 th Amendment used to defend corporations against labor laws. Lochner v. New York Lochner v. New York States could not restrict the rights of employers and workers to enter into contracts. States could not restrict the rights of employers and workers to enter into contracts. Muller v. Oregon Muller v. Oregon Women’s hours could be limited. Women’s health was a matter of public concern. Women’s hours could be limited. Women’s health was a matter of public concern.