1. The Great War: World War I (1914-1918) 4.1 The factors that lead the United States to join WWI (1917-1919)

2. Factors that led to WWI Nationalism –Increase in national pride –Increase in desired independence Imperialism –European nations colonizing Militarism –Increase in military power (needed to acquire and protect colonies) Entangled Alliances –Needed for protection

4. What sparks the war? Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne)

5. Assassination June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the throne) and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo Plot by Black Hand (secret Serbian nationalist group) Gavirlo Princip (19 yrs old and1of 6) July 23: Austria-Hungary (with Germany’s support) gave Serbia a list of demands Serbia refuses to agree to them all, knowing that Russia will support them if there is war Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia July 28th

6. Alliances pull Europe in… July 28 th, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war against Serbia Serbia is aligned with Russia Russia is aligned with France France is aligned with Great Britain Austria-Hungary is aligned with Germany Germany declares war on Russia Germany declares war on France Great Britain declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary…

7. European Alliances

8. How the war was fought… Trench Warfare “The bottom of the trench was springy like a mattress because of all the bodies underneath. At night, when the stench was worse, we tied [material] round our mouths and noses….The flies entered the trenches at night and lined them completely with a density which was like moving cloth.”

9. How the war was fought… “No Man’s Land”

10. The United States declares “neutrality” Wilson keeps us out of war (at first)… But the U.S. made loans to allied powers And German u-boats were threatening U.S. shipping

12. Two distinct reasons to go to war: Germany was using unrestricted submarine warfare on US ships –Threatens shipping

13. Two distinct reasons to go to war: Germany was using unrestricted submarine warfare on US ships –Sinking of the Lusitania

15. Germany tries to get Mexico to align with them and attack the United States-the Zimmerman Note –U.S. intelligence intercepts the message Two distinct reasons to go to war:

17. What Americans bring to the War A lot of soldiers –U.S. initiates the draft-The “Selective Service Act” –About 2 million soldiers –Tens of thousands of women volunteer for war services (nurses, secretaries, phone operators, etc.) –20% of men in service were African-American (military was segregated)

18. Freshness and enthusiasm What Americans bring to the War

19. “Allied” Aircraft British Tank German Airship

20. Allied Airplane The convoy system the US and Great Britain used to assure goods would make it to Great Britain.

21. Flamethrowers Victim of Mustard Gas Launched Torpedoes