1. Unit 11 and 12 Study Guide

2. 1. Germany forced to accept the war guilt clause– total and sole guilt for causing the war Germany must give up some of its territory— especially the Alsace-Lorraine which they took from France during the Franco-Prussian War of 1871. Germany must pay war reparations Germany’s military is severely limited League of Nations-international group of former Allied nations to try and stop future wars-no military power movies

3. 2. International cooperative organization born from President Wilson’s Fourteen Points, which was the basis for the terms of the German surrender at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. What was the League’s purpose? 1)to prevent future wars 2) to administer the colonies of the defeated countries through the Mandate System

4. 3. Credit expands(people couldn’t afford to buy goods on credit card), Reparations, American industry too dominant(Europe too depended on American business), Stock market crash of 1929, High protective tariffs 4. Adolf Hitler- - Democratic gov't established in Germany after WWI weakened-Weimar Republic- Anti-Semitism spread throughout the country European Jews were blamed for economic collapse N- Nationalist Socialist’s German Workers Party (Nazis) became the dominant party

5. 4. Joseph Stalin- Entrenchment of communism Deaths to millions of Russians who opposed Communists policies (Great Purge) 1. Secret Police(KGB) were created to arrest and murder anyone who might challenge Stalin 2. Millions of peasants, government officials, military officers disappeared

6. 4. Benito Mussolini-Established Italian empire with invasion of Ethiopia-League of Nations could not stop him. Rise of Fascism gained popularity due to Italy's hatred of Treaty of Versailles Ambition to restore the glory of Roman Empire

7. 4. Hideki Tojo and Emperor Hirohito- Tojo (General Hideki Tojo) was real ruler of Japan America cut off(embargo) oil to Japan after their invasion of China Rule of Emperor Hirohito was weak “Yes” to alliance with Germany & Italy

8. Unit 12: 1. Appeasement, Germans take Austria & Czechoslovakia-Sudetenland, German Nationalism-growth of the NAZI PARTY, Rise of Dictators, Everyone ignores the League of Nations, Sourness of the Treaty of Versailles, Stopping Hitler was out of the question for Europe and U.S., Italy wants land and invades Ethiopia, Hitler invades Poland and World War II begins, No one stops Japan in Asia.

9. 2. The British Prime Minister (Neville Chamberlain)hoped that the Munich Agreement 1938 would preserve "peace for our time” Hitler gets Austria and the Sudetenland 3. Invasion of Poland-, Germany and USSR attacked Poland, beginning World War II in Europe.

10. France- May-June 1940, Hitler's armies swept across France forcing a French surrender Dunkirk-was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbor of Dunkirk, 338,000 rescued to BritainAlliedDunkirk Battle of Britain-Battle of Britain-The Blitz (Sept. 7, 1940) –The Germans bombed them-no land invasion

11. Soviet Union(Stalingrad)- Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union-a failure as his troops got caught in the Russian winter far from their supply lines. 1942-43-The Soviets held the German troops at the Battle of Stalingrad-deadliest battle ever. 1.2 million died. Turning point Battle in Europe

12. Normandy- On June 6 th, 1944 Allied forces crossed the English Channel into Normandy Invasion, D-Day (Operation Overlord) V-E Day- -Germany Surrenders May 7, 1945-V-E Dayegan liberation of Europe

13. Pearl Harbor- The japanese attacked the U.S Pacific fleet, causing the U.S to get involved in World War II Midway- Turning point in the war in the pacific Coral sea- Stopped invasion of Australia by the Japanese Nagaaski and Hiroshima- U.S dropped two atomic bombs V-J Day- Victory in Japan September 2 nd 1945

14. 4. Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Hideki Tojo, Emperor Hirohito, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Winston Churchill, Charles De Guile, Dwight D. Eisenhower, General MacArthur. 5. Axis Powers-Germany, Italy and Japan and Allies Powers-Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States

15. 6.Hitler believe of the master’s race, Anti- Semitism, Totalitarism and Nationalism, Racist Genocide(Final Solution), Economic Depression, Defeat of WWI on the Jews 7. To kill Jews and others quicker Hitler created concentration camps. In these camps, at least 6 million Jews were gassed or worked to death. 11 million Jews

16. 8.Nuremburg Trials, 22 Nazi officials were tried by an international court 9. ARMENIAN GENOCIDE The first was the Turkish persecution of Armenians during World War I. The Great Purge, peasants, government and military leaders, and members of the elite in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, Cambodia In 1976, Cambodian dictator Pol Pot and KHMER ROUGE- wanted to establish agricultural work camps across the country. ---*Artists, technicians, former gov’t. officials, and other educated individuals were executed or died from starvation and disease. 750,000 died.

17. 9. Rwanda: *The two ethnic groups of Rwanda were the Hutus and the Tutsi which had long quarreled over land. **During April and May of 1994, over 800,000 Rwandans were murdered, many chopped to pieces with machetes. H utus were the bad guys. Bosnia and Kosovo -In Yugoslavia, various groups had long resented one another-so when Communism collapsed -1990’s-**Serbian authorities attempted the "ethnic cleansing" of Bosnian Muslims and Croats. 100,000 died -1999-Kosovo - ethnic cleansing also of Muslims.200,000 died.

18. 10.Marshall Plan, European countries lose their Imperialism countries, United Nations, Nuremburg Trials, NATO and Warsaw Pact, Iron Curtain, Cold War 11. MacArthur rebuilds Japan and Plan rebuilds West Germany 12.United Nations- Provided a code of conduct for treatment of people under the protection of their government, NATO and Warsaw Pact- formation of International cooperation.