1. Internet of Things

2. IoT Novel paradigm – Rapidly gaining ground in the wireless scenario Basic idea – Pervasive presence around us a variety of things or objects – Objects can see, hear, perform jobs – Which are able to interact/talk to each other – To reach a common goal IoT transforms these objects from traditional to smart – Exploiting underlying technology – Embedded device, communication, sensor network, IP

3. Growing number of objects are being connected to internet – Connecting -Thermostats and Heating/Ventilation/AC monitoring and control – Enable smart homes

4. Evolution of Internet

5. Introduction

6. “Anytime, anywhere, anymedia” – vision pushing forward the advances in communication – Add “anything” – Increase the radio connection – Reduction in size, weight, energy, cost

7. What is IOT?

8. Challenges Full inter-operability of interconnected devices Providing them higher degree of smartness – Adaptation and autonomous power – Guaranteeing trust, security, privacy Things are low resource – Energy and computation power Scalability – Solutions should pay attention

9. IOT Elements

10. Communication – Low power communication over noisy channel – Various methods like NFC, RFID, WiFi, LTE Computation – Hardware platform (Raspberry PI) – Software Platform(RTOS)-Contiki, Cooja simulator, TiniOS, IoV – Cloud platform

11. IOT Elements Services – Identity-related services – Information Aggregation Services Smart health – Collaborative-Aware Services Smart home, ITS – Ubiquitous Services

12. Enabling Technologies IoT concept to realization – Integration of several enabling technology – Building blocks Identification – Name each object-Match the service with their demand – Electronic Product Code, Ubiquitous code Addressing objects – Object ID and address – “T1” name of the temperature sensor (not globally unique) – Object address=>address in the communication network (IPv4, 6) EPC

13. Key concept-RFID system Identification of objects Two components Composed (a) Readers (b) RFID tags Tags – Passive – Active – Battery assisted passive Read only/Read-write Contains IC & Antenna Reader – Active reader – Passive reader

14. Monitors objects in real time – Without line of sight – Maps real to virtual world

15. Sensors Sensor networks play a major role in IoT Co-operate with RFID system to better track objects – Location, temp, movement etc Consists a (large) number of sensing nodes – Homogenous/ heterogeneous – Communicating in wireless, multihop fashion Three different architecture – Flat Data transfer from static sensor to a sink – Two layer arch. Multiple static and mobile sink – Three layer arch. Multiple sensor networks are connected over Internet IoT

16. Layers in sensor network Data generated by sensors Data collected by sinks Sink nodes send the data to low-end computational device =>high end->cloud – Shared, stored, processed Information processing and communication at different layers – Capability and trade off Data flow

17. Sensor network and IoT Sensor network-Most essential component of IoT – Data collected from sensors – Processed and decision made – Actuators perform action Differences (1) SN=> thin layer of software – IoT=> thick layer (middleware, API) (2) SN application specific (monitoring) IoT is not focused on specific application Example-pressure sensor – health of a bridge IoT: track traffic Middleware should provide generic services

18. Relationship between Sensor Network and IOT

19. Features of IoT Intelligence : Application of knowledge – Collect data and infer rules (high level info) – Modelling data Scale and Architecture : Hybrid arch. Event driven-door sensor Time driven – temperature sensor Complex system : Large number of objects – Interact – Appear/disappear – Various capability Time consideration – real time event detection Space – Location of the objects – Context detection

20. IOT Architecture

21. Object Layer – Sensors of IOT that collect and process information Object Abstraction – Data communication from sensors to next layer using various wireless channels Service management – Connects service to the requester Application – Provides service requested by end user (temp and humidity measurement) Business – Manages overall IOT service and activities

22. Middleware – A layer between technological layer and application layer – Facilitate the developer – Uses SOA Typical SOA architecture IOT Architecture

23. Application – Top layer – Uses standard web service protocols Service Composition – Composition of the single services offered by networked objects – No notion of devices IOT Architecture

24. Service Management – Object dynamic discovery, status monitoring and service configuration Object Abstraction – Interface sub-layer – Communication sub-layer Privacy and Security – Middleware must include component for privacy and security IOT Architecture