1. Learning Target: #2 Organic -comes from living matter contains both C and H Inorganic - comes from nonliving matter does not contain both C and H O RGANIC CHEMISTRY

2. CARBON Learning Target: #3 The backbone of organic compounds Forms covalent bonds, and bonds with other carbons Has 4 bonding sites Forms single, double, triple bonds Forms chains and rings

3. 5 KEY TERMS: Learning Targets - #6 and #7 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS - determine characteristics of compounds/the part of the molecule involved in bonding Ex’s: -OH, hydroxyl group, -COOH, carboxyl group, -NH 2, amino group Monomers - building blocks of organic compounds Polymers - large molecule formed from linking monomers together Macromolecule - very large molecule (polymers joined) Isomer-molecules with same chem formula but different structural formula

4. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS Learning Target: #9 The loss of water in order to join 2 monomers, thus forming a larger molecule –polymer Also called a condensation reaction

5. Hydrolysis The addition of water to break apart a polymer to create monomers

6. Organic Compounds Overview Learning targets: #6 and #7

7. MONOSACCHARIDES LearningTarget: #3, #6, #7, #8 Monomer of carbs Elements- C, H, O (ratios 2:1, H:O) Ex’s: glucose, fructose, galactose Formula- C 6 H 12 O 6, Isomers Function-quick energy Tests-Benedicts-turns orange, yellow, green, red Functional Group- -OH (hydroxyl)

8. DISACCHARIDES 2 Sugar carbohydrate Formula- C 12 H 22 O 11 Functional groups-OH (hydroxyl) Tests-negative for both benedicts and iodine Ex’s-sucrose, maltose, lactose

9. Glycoside linkage to form disaccharides Learning Target: #9 The two sugars are joined by condensation and may be broken by hydrolysis CH 2 OH C H OH H C H C H C H C O CH 2 OH C H OH H C H C H C H C O © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

10. CH 2 OH C H OH H C H C H C H C O CH 2 OH C H H C H C OH H C H C O O + H 2 O © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS A disaccharide

11. Different monosaccharides can be used sucrose = glucose + fructose lactose = glucose + galactose maltose = glucose + glucose © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

12. CARBOHYDRATE FUNCTIONS Learning Target: #8 Sugars (mono and disaccharides) Maintenance of osmotic balance (e.g. salts in blood plasma, plant cell turgidity); transport of energy reserves (e.g. glucose in blood or sucrose in sap); energy substrate (respiration and photosynthesis); energy store (sugar cane); flavouring (fruits); reward (nectar); precursors (building blocks) of polysaccharides, nucleotides and amino acids © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

13. POLYSACCHARIDE Many sugar carbohydrate Formula- Cy(H2O)x Tests-positive for Iodine (turns navy blue) Function – short term storage of energy Ex’s - glycogen (animal starch), starch (plants), cellulose (plant building material)

14. Glucose Song Go to youtube and type in glucose song!!

15. Don’t forget: You can copy- paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.