2. Triple science resources: Biofuels Rochelle Simpson

3. Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels Biofuels Outline In these lessons we will be taking a look at the environmental impact of pollution and investigating how biofuels can be used as an alternative fuel. Objectives Identify the environmental impacts of pollutants Explain how power plants contribute to environmental pollution Explore the uses of biofuels as an alternative energy source Evaluate data to explain how DRAX has become a cleaner power station Develop an argument for and against the use of biofuels

4. Drax Power Station The largest, cleanest and most efficient coal fired power station in the UK Provides enough power to meet 7% of the UK’s electricity needs. Environmental protection and, where possible, enhancement is at the heart of their decision-making process Drax is advanced in developing the use of alternative fuels from renewable sources for electricity generation.

5. Lesson 1: What are the effects of pollutants? Starter Look at the images below and answer the following: How has the industrial revolution changed the world in which we live? What effect has it had on your life? Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

6. We are learning to ….. Break down information and identify the effects of pollutants Link ideas to explain how power stations contribute to pollution Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

7. How do humans effect the environment? Activity 1 (worksheet 1) Read the information and answer the following questions. 1.How has the human population changed since the 1920’s? 2.What are the demands of modern life? 3.How are these demands met? 4.What are the environmental impacts of meeting these demands? Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

8. Power stations and the environment. The main way we can meet the demands of modern life is through the generation of power. 1.How are fossil fuels formed? 2.What happens when we burn fossil fuels? Activity 2 (worksheet 2) Read the information and list the different ways using coal may impact the environment. Discuss this with a partner and form an opinion on the use of coal to generate power. Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

9. Plenary Revisit your answer to the starter question. How has the industrial revolution changed the world in which we live? Now explain how you think the industrial revolution has had an impact on the environment in which you live. Extend your answer to explain what you think the future holds if we continue to use natural resources as we do. Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

10. Lesson 2: How are biofuels used? Starter Look at the images on the sheet (worksheet 3) and split them in to the following categories: High energy content Natural resource Renewable Clean Expensive Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

11. We are learning to ….. Explore the uses of biofuels as an alternative energy source Evaluate data to explain how DRAX has become a cleaner power station Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

12. What are biofuels? Biofuels are used as an alternative energy resource. They are seen as a cleaner source of energy. Research three different types of biofuel and answer the following: 1.Why are biofuels being used? 2.What are the problems with biofuels? 3.How could encourage the use of biofuels? Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

13. DRAX and biofuels Log on to the following website: http://www.draxpower.comhttp://www.draxpower.com Follow the biofuel tab and answer the following: 1.How have DRAX used biofuels? 2.What data is provided to explain the advantages of biofuels? 3.What are the advantages of this? 4.Why might DRAX be encouraged to increase their use of biofuels? Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

14. Plenary Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels From what you have learnt over the past two lessons write a list of pros and cons of using biofuels as an alternative energy source. Extension: So far do you agree or disagree with the use of biofuels and why?

15. Lesson 3: Evaluating the use of biofuels Starter If you were managing DRAX power station how would you convince your investors that biofuels are the future? Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

16. We are learning to ….. Develop an argument for and against the use of biofuels Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

17. Should we use biofuels? Look at the bioethics resource and answer the following questions: 1.How are biofuels used across the world? 2.How do these uses compare to DRAX power station? 3.What are the problems with using biofuels across the world? Now add any extra information to your pros and cons list from last lesson Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

18. Should we use biofuels? You are going to develop a letter to be sent to the investors of DRAX power station, informing them of the new developments in the area of biofuels. Success criteria Your letter include the following At least three advantages and disadvantages of using biofuels using information or data you have collected over the past few lessons An explanation of the problems that may arise due to the use of biofuels. Information about how biofuels effect DRAX’s carbon footprint Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

19. Peer assessment prompts The biggest strength of this work is… Another strength is… You could explain… in more detail Date 00.00.00 Triple science resources: Biofuels

20. Lesson 4 The science behind the OMEGA project

21. Think of space exploration Is it all rockets and engineering? Physics and Maths ? If people are going to survive out there then Biology will be vital. NASA has biologists working at the cutting edge of technology and those technologies can work for earth as well as space

22. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation What is the OMEGA project ? OMEGA Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae NASA mission statement: A method to grow algae using treated sewage Clean waste water Capture carbon dioxide Produce bio fuels NASA link

23. This is how NASA sees it Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation

24. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation From Research to Technology Many of the ideas coming together are basic biology Yet put together in this industrial context they offer green solutions for waste management and fuel production both in future space explorations and more immediately on Earth. We are going to look at some of this biology Algae – what they are and how to grow them Osmosis and membrane technology

25. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation Little green cells - algae

26. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation Common algae in pond water Pond dipping During spring and summer algae are common in ponds. They are easily observed under a microscope. Identification What is growing in the water around us ?

27. Polluted water algae These will be most likely to be used for removal of waste. The individual illustrations are not proportional to the other illustrations on a page Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation site

28. More freshwater algae Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation

29. Many are common in ponds Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation

30. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation Investigating algae Algae are green plants that carry out photosynthesis Think about what conditions could affect their rate of growth These are the variables you could change in your investigation. Possible variables Light intensity Light wavelength ( colour ) Temperature Nutrient levels

31. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation Forward Osmosis The membranes used are partially permeable Copyright: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Source / Publisher: Advanced Materials/Wiley-VCH Copyright: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Source / Publisher: Advanced Materials/Wiley-VCH Copyright: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Source / Publisher: Advanced Materials/Wiley- VCH Osmosis in actionOsmosis in action in cells across a natural membrane

32. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation Forward Osmosis Dealing with a problem ! Space has limited resources A full demonstration This idea is also used by NASA for space exploration

33. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation The forward osmosis bag Developed to obtain clean water by osmosis The bag operates by having a concentrated sucrose solution in an inner partially permeable bag surrounded by an outer impermeable bag containing dirty water. The water is filtered by forward osmosis leaving behind large particles such as microbes and creating a sugary drink.

34. Date 00.00.00 Running header of the presentation Forward osmosis experiment Demonstration using visking tubing The tubing is not quite the same as NASA has - the pores are larger but it still works. Visking tubing with air excluded Solution containing Blue dye Concentrated sucrose solution