1. Chapter 19 (Kansas) By: Elisha Griffin, Brian King and Kathryn Araujo

2. The North- South Contest for Kansas Northerners began to pour into Kansas, and Southerners were outraged, since they had supported the Compromise of 1850 under the impression that Kansas would become a slave state. Thus, on election day in 1855, hordes of Southerners “border ruffians” from Missouri flooded the polls and elected Kansas to be a slave state; free-soilers were unable to stomach this and set up their own government in Topeka. Kansas had to chose between two governments: one illegal (free government in Topeka) and the other fraudulent (slavery government in Shawnee).

3. continued In 1856, a group of pro-slavery raiders shot up and burnt part of Lawrence, thus starting violence. Key Terms: New England Emigrant Aid Company: Organization created to facilitate the migration of free laborers to Kansas in order to prevent the establishment of slavery in the territory.

4. Kansas in Convulsion: -John Brown was dedicated to the abolitionist cause -“Old Brown” led followers to Pottawatomie Creek they killed five men because they were supposedly proslavery -Civil War erupted in Kansas in 1856 -Lecompton Constitution -people were not allowed to vote against it only with slavery or without slavery -Buchanan agreed with the Lecompton Constitution -Senator Douglas lost support in the South -Kansas remained a territory until 1861 -Buchanan divided Democratic Party

5. continued Key Terms: 1. Lecompton Constitution: (1857) proposed Kansas constitution, whose ratification was unfairly rigged so as to guarantee slavery in the territory. Initially ratified by proslavery forces, it was later voted down when Congress required that the entire constitution be put up for a vote. Key People: 1. John Brown- radical abolitionist who wanted to abolish slavery.

6. “Old Buck” Versus “The Pathfinder”: Buchanan was chosen to run for the Democratic Party “Old Buck” Buchanan was mediocre, irresolute, and confused. Republican Party leader- “Higher Law” Seward Captain John C. Fremont was supposed to lead the path to the White House Ireland and German immigrants organized the Know- Nothing Party

7. Bully Brooks and his bludgeon In 1856, abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave a provoking speech condemning pro-slavery men. During this speech, Sumner also personally insulted Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina. Two days later on May 22, 1856, Butler's nephew, Preston Brooks, beat Sumner with a cane to unconsciousness. The speech made by Sumner was applauded in the North, angering the South. The clash between Sumner and Butler showed how violent and impassioned the Northerners and Southerners were for their cause.

8. Continued Key People: 1. John C. Fremont: was an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of president of the U.S., and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform opposing slavery.