1. The Jefferson Era
Chapter 8

2. Jefferson Becomes President
Election was between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
They were tied at 73 electoral votes each
House broke the tie by selecting Jefferson

3. Jefferson’s Policies What was Federal City like in Jefferson’s time?
Read page 268 – 269 to reading check
What were Jefferson’s policies?
Allowed the hated Alien and Sedition Acts to expire
Lowered military spending
Got rid of domestic taxes

4. Jefferson’s Beliefs
Believed main functions of the federal government included
Protecting the nation from foreign threats
Delivering mail
Collecting customs duties
Kept some Federalist ideas such as the Bank of the United States

5. Marbury v. Madison
Read Supreme Court Decisions page 269.

6. The Louisiana Purchase

8. Problem! If France controlled Louisiana, the westward expansion of the United States could be blocked!

9. Solution Buy the city of New Orleans
Solution Buy the city of New Orleans! Jefferson sends James Monroe and Robert Livingston to try to buy New Orleans

10. Napoleon and Louisiana
Napoleon was a powerful leader who had conquered most of Europe
He wished to rebuild France’s empire in North America

11. Strategy
Napoleon wanted to use the French colony of Haiti, in the Caribbean, as a supply base
Rebellion in Haiti ended Napoleon’s dreams in 1802

12. The Offer Buy the entire Louisiana Territory This way Napoleon could finance his war in Europe Price: 15 million

13. The Louisiana Purchase 1803

14. What we get… Nearly double the size of the United States at that time
Control of the Mississippi River and the port at New Orleans = control trade up and down the river!

15. Jefferson’s Dilemma The Constitution did not state that the President had the power to buy land from a foreign country.

16. Jefferson decides Since the Constitution did give the President the power to MAKE TREATIES, he did just that!

17. The Coming of War
Section 3 study guide

18. The War of 1812 James Madison is elected president in 1808
Felt growing pressure from the War Hawks
Decided Congress must vote on war in 1812
Congress voted and the War Hawk won
Congress declared war for the first time in our Nation’s history
Madison is reelected in 1812
Would serve as Commander in Chief during the War of 1812

19. War of 1812

20. War at Sea Britain has about 1000 ships scattered around the globe
American’s had less than 20
We had well trained sailors
U.S.S. Constitution

21. Battles Along the Canadian Border
American leaders wanted to invade Canada
Attacks in 1812 failed
Oliver Hazard Perry won naval Battle of Lake Erie in 1813
American control of Lake Erie was established
British were driven out of the Northwest in 1813

22. The Creek War War erupted in the South with Native Americans
Angry over settlers pushing into their land
Creeks attacked Fort Mims in Alabama
Andrew Jackson, leading 2000 volunteers, defeated the Creeks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama, 1814
Treaty of Fort Jackson ended the war in 1814 and forced the Creeks to give up millions of acres of their land

23. British Attacks in the East
British attacked Washington D.C. in 1814
Set fire to the White House, Capitol, and other buildings
British shelled Fort McHenry at Baltimore, Maryland
Americans refused to surrender, and British retreated

24. Battle of New Orleans
British hoped to capture New Orleans and control the city
Andrew Jackson commanded U.S. troops which included regular soldiers, free African Americans, Choctaws, state militia, and pirates
5,300 British against 4,500 Americans

25. Battle of New Orleans British were caught in an open field
More than 2,000 British casualties
American victory at the Battle of New Orleans made Jackson a hero and was the last major conflict of the war

26. Effects of the War