1. Behavior  Ecology Behavior Impacts Individual Life Histories Population Ensemble of Life Histories Generates Growth, Decline and Likelihood of Extinction

2. Parental Behavior and Population Recruitment Recognize Within-Sex Individual Variation Age, Size, Physiological Condition Affect Parental Behavior, Capacity for Increased Parental Investment Can/how does this variation govern variation in successful contribution to newborn class?

3. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011) Ecological Applications 21:2576. Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus And Recreational/Tournament Fishing

4. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011): Bass, Egg Predator, Fishery Bass: Territorial about nest site Defend eggs and fry from predation Some defend until young near independence Energetically demanding parental investment Physical condition  How early male can begin nesting How long male can defend nest

5. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011): Bass, Egg Predator, Fishery Sunfish: Predators on bass eggs Competitors with young bass Prey to large bass Most important predator on bass eggs Predation on early life stage can favor (via natural selection) parental protection of young

6. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011): Bass, Egg Predator, Fishery Individual Variation (among bass) Vulnerability to capture (fishery) Potential contribution to recruitment Often: Both increase with age and size of fish

7. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011): Bass, Egg Predator, Fishery Body Size Tends to Increase with Age Male-Male Competition Can Favor Larger Body Size Female Choice Can Favor Larger Male Body Size Body Size Increases with Physiological Condition Fishing Targets Larger Body Size in Fish

8. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011): Bass, Egg Predator, Fishery Body Size/Condition and Parenting (Males) Energy stores permit early initiation of nesting Lesser condition: Wait for warmer water, Reduces cost of parenting for male (Young develop faster) Energy stores permit longer/more aggressive defense Can increment survival of young

9. From above: Given Age, Size, Physiological Condition Affect Male Bass Parental Behavior, Capacity for Increased Parental Investment How does this variation govern variation in successful contribution to newborn class? Which males produce most offspring?

10. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011) Five experimental bass populations (5 ponds) Each: 10 males, 12 females Three ponds: Added app. 4000 bluegills (Egg predators) Two ponds: No egg predators Monitored nesting, parenting & reproduction

11. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011) Main Result: Within each population, most juveniles surviving until fall originate in 1 or 2 broods only Microsatellite DNA; 7 markers: Identify brood of 87% of recruits sampled Behavior/Phenotype of Successful Males

12. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011) Recruitment Highest from Broods Initiated During First Two Days of Spawning Same for Presence and Absence of Bluegill Egg-Predators Broods where male parent terminated care before young near independence never contributed recruits

13. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011)

14. Successful Parent Nest early as possible (costly) Defend young until predation diminishes (costly) Which males parent successfully?

15. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011) Successful Parent : Number of recruits Correlated positively with male age and body length (size) Mating success independent of male age/size Older males initiated nest/spawned earlier Larger males guarded broods longer

16. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011) Larger (Older) Males Initiate Reproduction Earlier in Season Defend Young Longer Energy Reserves; Fewer Chances to Reproduce

17. Parkos, J.J. et al. (2011) Successful Brood: Population Persistence Older, Larger Males; Remain at Nest Longer Valued by Fishery and Easier to Catch (?) Energetic Limitations May Constrain Other Males “Catch and Release”