1. MOTHODS OF OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION OBJECTIVEEXAMINATION Pavel Stodůlka

2. 1. REFRACTION: u skiascopy u autorefractometer 2. REFRACTION AND CORNEAL CURVATURE: u autokeratorefractometer 3. CORNEAL CURVATURE: u corneal topography

5. EYE u ANTERIOR SEGMENT: conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens pupil, lens u POSTERIOR SEGMENT: vitreous body, retina vitreous body, retina

6. FOCAL LIGHTING u overall state of the eye u cornea - smoothness, brightness, transparency u colour disparities are more apparent

7. BIOMICROSCOPY u slit lamp u magnification up to 40x

9. BIOMICROSCOPY u cross-section through the eye media u transparency u thickness u affection in the corneal layers

10. Additonal devices of the slit lamp Additonal devices of the slit lamp u blue cobalt filter u aplanative tonometer

11. BIOMICROSCOPY u without lens – anterior segment (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens) (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens) u with lens – posterior segment (vitrous body, retina) (vitrous body, retina) use of investigative lens (contact or contactless) use of investigative lens (contact or contactless)

13. OPHTALMOSCOPY examination of the examination of the retina and vitreous body

14. OPHTALMOSCOPY u DIRECT magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient, magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient, real (uninverted) image of the fundus real (uninverted) image of the fundus monocular monocular u INDIRECT magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D inverted image of the fundus inverted image of the fundus binocular binocular

15. DIRECTOPHTALMOSCOPE

17. INDIRECT OPHTALMOSCOPE

18. GONIOSCOPY assessment of the iridocorneal angle

19. GONIOSCOPY slit lamp slit lamp+ Goldmann’s lens

22. MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE TONOMETRY TONOMETRY 21 torr

23. MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE u contact u contactless

24. CONTACT TONOMETRY u SCHIÖTZ’S TONOMETER u APLANATIVE TONOMETER

25. CONTACTLESS TONOMETRY u pneumotonometer

26. EXOPHTALMOMETRY u Hertel’s exophtalmometer u transparent ruler

27. EXOPHTALMOMETRY

28. Hertel’s exophtalmometer exophtalmometry with the use of ruler

29. RED REFLEX ASSESSMENT RED REFLEX ASSESSMENT u mirror with a pin-hole u retinoscope u oftalmoscope u slit lamp

30. Thanks for Your attention Thanks for Your attention MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD. stodulka@zln.cz www.LASIK.cz