1. Unit 1 – Anatomy & Physiology
P3 – Identify the Location of the Major Muscles in the Human Body
Unit 1 – Anatomy & Physiology

2. Introduction There are over 640 muscles in your body
They have a very good blood supply to provide oxygen & nutrients and remove waste products
Your muscles are controlled by your nervous system
When a message is sent to your muscles it makes them contract
When your muscles contract they get shorter & pull on the bones that they are attached to
One end doesn’t move (the origin) the other end moves towards the origin (the insertion)

3. Muscle Characteristics
Contractility – the ability to shorten
Excitability – responds to stimulus
Extensibility – can be stretched (blu-tac)
Elasticity – if stretched, will return to original length (elastic band)

4. Types of Muscles

5. Cardiac Muscle Very specialised Only found in the heart
Works continuously
Never gets tired
Involuntary
Striated/striped under a microscope
Has it’s own blood supply

6. Smooth Muscle Found in walls of digestive system & blood vessels
Involuntary
Performs automatic tasks

7. Skeletal Muscle Attached to bones Striated/striped under a microscope
Voluntary
Responsible for stability & movement

9. Muscle
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Biceps
Anterior Upper Arm
Scapula
Radius
Elbow Flexion
Triceps
Posterior Upper Arm
Humerus
Ulna (olecranon)
Elbow Extension

10. Muscle
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Deltoids
Top of Shoulder
Clavicle & Scapula
Humerus
Shoulder Abduction
Latissimus Dorsi
Middle Back
Pelvis & Spine
Shoulder Adduction

11. Muscle
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Pectoralis Major
Chest
Sternum & Clavicle
Humerus
Horizontal Flexion
Shoulder adduction
Teres Major
Posterior Shoulder
Scapula
Shoulder Adduction
Internal Rotation
Trapezius
Upper Back
Skull & Vertebra
Scapula & Clavicle
Shoulder Elevation
Shoulder Retraction
Shoulder Depression
Neck Extension

12. Muscle
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Rectus Abdominis
Front of Stomach
Pubic bone
Xiphoid
Trunk flexion
Internal Obliques
Sides of stomach
Iliac crest
ribs
Trunk rotation
External Obliques
Ribs
Errector Spinae
Either side of spine
Sacrum
Ribs, vertebra, skull
Spine extension

13. Muscle
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Rectus Femoris
Front of hip & thigh
Pelvis
Tibia
Hip flexion
Knee extension
Vastus Medialis
Front of thigh
Femur
Vastus Intermedialis
Vastus Lateralis

14. Muscle
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Gluteus Maximus
Backside
Pelvis
Femur
Hip extension
Biceps Femoris
Back of thigh
Pelvis (ischium)
Fibula
Knee flexion
Semimembranosus
Tibia
Semitendinosus
Gluteus Maximus

15. Muscle
Location
Origin
Insertion
Action
Tibialis Anterior
Front of shin
Tibia
1st metatarsal & tarsal
Dorsiflexion & inversion
Gastrocnemius
Calf
Femur
Calcaneum
Knee Flexion
Plantarflexion
Soleus