1. OPERATION HIGH FLYER PRESENTED BY ARIZONA’S MVHS TopGuns

2. THE TEAM 2 Taylor Parra Anthony Del Castillo Gregory Wilburn Erin StoneDavid Ogden Mariah Desmarais

3. CHALLENGE STATEMENT

4. 4 GOAL » Design an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that can: – Accurately detect early stages of European Corn Borer infestation in crops – Maximize the objective function for the operation – Operate under a realistic, profitable business scenario Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

5. CONSTRAINTS » Weigh < 55 pounds » Follow FAA Guidelines » Operate a mission covering entire search area 5 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

6. » Wing and tail geometry » Component selection » Personnel selection » Aircraft layout » Search pattern » Business model VARIABLES 6 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

7. SOLUTION

8. » Two UAVs with two x5000 sensor payloads » Mission flight time of 1 hour » Final Objective Function of 93.79 OUR SOLUTION Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment 8

9. 9 DESIGN PROCESS Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

10. RESEARCH

11. » Invasive moth species » Prevalent during summer months 11 EUROPEAN CORN BORER (ECB) Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Profit Trends | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

12. High resolution imagery » Look for holes, tunnels, frass DETECTION METHODS 12 Infrared Thermography » Pheromones » Only possible at night Chemical traps » Traps chemicals given off by corn borer moths and distressed corn » Requires a lab for analysis Hyper/multispectral » Egg masses, visible clues, chlorophyll distress Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Profit Trends | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

13. AIRCRAFT

14. Propulsion System: Selected COTS option: GENS Ace Mars Brushless Motor INTERNAL COMPONENTS Other Components » Autopilot » Universal Battery Elimination Circuitry » Serial Servo Controller » GPS Power » Ultralight solar panels on wings (Alta Devices) » Supplemented by COTS batteries Sensor Payload » Elected to pursue hyperspectral » 3 options: – Resonon PIKA-II – Aisa Eaglet – X5000 » Selected X5000 14 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

15. CATALOGUE DESIGNS » Tractor propeller » Hybrid » Pusher propeller – Pros: High payload capability High endurance High cruise speed – Cons: Cost prohibitive 15 » Multirotor » Rotary wing – Pros: High payload capability Maneuverability Cost effective – Cons: Low cruise speed Poor endurance Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

16. OUR DESIGNS Marcos I Pros: » Simple conventional design » Low production and operational costs Cons » Limited to a single camera payload, not ideal for large mission areas 16 Pros: » Higher payload capacity to support multiple sensors » Compact design Cons: » Signal transmittance complication from long range and multiple sensors Marcos I Heavy Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

17. » Carbon fiber construction FUSELAGE 17 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

18. Wing » Sizing determined through lift equation » Aspect ratio: 8.0 » Taper ratio: 1.0 » Dihedral: 4 degrees » Incidence: 5 degrees WING GEOMETRY 18 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

19. FLIGHT PATTERN

20. INFESTATION DETECTION » Utilizes X5000 multispectral imagery » Primary target: holes in leaves » Secondary target: chlorophyll distress 20 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

21. » Based on size of subject, determined elevation and footprint size » Elevation: 540 feet » Total footprint width: 906 feet » Footprint length: 190 feet CAMERA PLATFORM 0 200 -200 0 -400 21 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

22. FLIGHT PATTERN 22 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

23. PERSONNEL

24. » Payload Operator – Monitors telemetry data » Operational Pilot – Controls aircraft in emergencies and while landing » Range Safety – Prevents communications conflicts – Launches and recovers aircraft PERSONNEL 24 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

25. LEGAL

26. AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION » Class G Airspace – Operates at elevations below 700 feet – Does not need to communicate with air traffic control » Special airworthiness certificate: restricted category – Civil use – Aerial surveying 26 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

27. » Operational pilot ensures that UAV adheres to autonomous operation requirements » Flight can be conducted once system is deemed airworthy by AIR and granted a restricted permit FAA REQUIREMENTS 27 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

28. BUSINESS CASE

29. ONE YEAR PLAN/ AMORTIZATION

30. This is the total cost of purchasing and developing all system components. 30 ACQUISITION COST Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

31. R&D/ CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL 31 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment This includes all costs associated with design and construction of the aircraft.

32. UAV/ COMPONENTS 32 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment This is the cost of acquiring each component of the aircraft.

33. GROUND/ SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 33 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment This is the cost of acquiring all ground station and support equipment.

34. OPERATIONAL COST 34 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment This is the hourly and per mission cost associated with the operation of this system.

35. TRANSPORTATION COST 35 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment This is the cost of traveling to and from company HQ to a survey site in Iowa.

36. » Amortization calculated by equation Amortized cost: $7,740.92 AMORTIZED COST 36 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

37. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

38. » System could utilize 1-5 aircraft with 1 or 2 sensor payloads each » Multiple aircraft and sensor payloads: – Increase acquisition cost – Diminish operational cost » Diminishing marginal returns occur AIRCRAFT COMBINATION Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment 37

39. MARKET ASSESSMENT

40. » Expectations for large market growth » Service must be profitable for business yet inexpensive for consumer » One of few companies that can offer early and preventative detection – Customer can take early action MARKET ASSESMENT Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment 40

41. PRICING JUSTIFICATION 41 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

42. COMPETING SOLUTIONS Robo Flight RF70 » Longer flight time – Requires at least 3 full charges for target field » $12,500 acquisition cost Farm Aerial » $6,000 acquisition cost » Emphasis on simplicity » GoPro imager » 8-16 minute endurance 42 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

43. OTHER APPLICATIONS 43 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

44. » 93.79 » Calculated according to equation: OBJECTIVE FUNCTION 44 Challenge Statement | Solution | Research | Aircraft | Flight Pattern | Personnel | Legal | Amortization | Cost-Benefit | Market Assessment

45. THANK YOU. Arizona TopGuns