1. European Explorers UNIT 2: Chapter 2

2. The Age of Exploration http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/explorat ion-of-north-america

3. Focus Questions Why did people explore new lands? Imperialism: claiming and controlling new territories for homeland Role that First Nations played in European exploration Importance of European exploration today

4. Push and Pull Factors Push - things that made Europeans leave Europe Pull - things that attracted the Europeans Pull - influences people to migrate/move to a certain country (something they can control)

5. Push Factors -disruption of trade routes (can be attacked easily and were dangerous for travel)

6. Push Factor -demand for silk and spices rose

7. Push Factor -growth in population -less land

8. Push Factor Competition -more land = more power -countries competed with one another

9. Push Factor -fame and fortune -get rich and famous for expedition

10. Push Wealth -wanted to use natural resources from colonies to make money -sell natural resources

11. Push and Pull -curiousity -wanted to know what else was there

12. Push and Pull -spread beliefs

13. Pull Factors -furs, gold -expansion of empire (each country wanted to be more powerful)

14. Forces Influencing Exploration I n the 1300s (just after the Middle Ages), Europeans were doing a lot of business and trading, they traveled to far away countries to get exotic goods. These business people would bring back spices, silk, gold and jewels and even jewelry back to their home countries of Spain, England, France, and other European countries. The huge Mongol Empire (in China) which supported these trading routes started to decline, therefore the protection and support was weakening. Traders and business people were being robbed or not allowed to travel short routes. It became more dangerous for the Europeans to do long distance business with other.

15. Forces Influencing Exploration This disruption of trade with Asia drove up the prices of Asian silk and spices in Europe. Europe demanded exotic items but they became more expensive as it became harder to bring back. As the supply diminished in Europe the price went up. Some Europeans thought this might provide them an opportunity to make a fortune. If they could find a shorter or more secure route to Asia, then they could make more money bringing back these exotic goods.

16. Technology in the Age of Exploration http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/e xploration-of-north-america start at 1:58

17. Another Route to Asia: By Sea Dangers: 1.It was slower. 2.It was more difficult to steer. 3.Easily get lost if you lost sight of land. 4.Bad weather could end your life, your journey, or wreck your goods

18. -Most people of that day believed the world was flat -If they disagree = put to death or jailed -1400s ships were easier to maneuver -They started using the compass and astrolabe to estimate location (latitude and longitude) Another Route to Asia: By Sea

20. Using New Technologies -The Portuguese were the first to put the new ship’s instruments to use -They went to find a sea route to Asia -Did not go through the Mediterranean Sea -They explored going around the bottom of Africa -This way, they did not lose sight of land on their way to Asia

21. Where is Portugal? -Next to Spain

23. Columbus’ Journey -Christopher Columbus was a businessman and a sailor who liked adventure -Europeans wanted to find sea routes to the East -Columbus wanted to find a new route to the Far East, India, China, Japan and the Spice Islands

24. Columbus’ Journey -Believed the world was round and if he sailed west instead of east, he could still reach these places (a quicker and easier route) -He looked for sponsors - In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed to give him money (they get 90% of the profit and he gets 10%)

26. Columbus’ Discovery -Columbus did not find Asia -He found the Caribbean -Spanish travelers went to Central America where they found some gold and the Aztec people, who they treated like slaves

28. Importance of Columbus’ Discovery -When other countries found out that there was land on the other side of the ocean, and ships did not fall off the ‘flat earth’, Britain, France, and the Netherlands became interested in exploring -Spain controlled the route to the Caribbean -Other countries explored the more northern routes

29. John Cabot -In 1497 Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) landed in Newfoundland. (Although he was Italian, he was employed by the English) -He claimed it for Britain -He returned with huge quantities of fish

31. John Cabot -Soon, during the summer time many countries came to fish off of Canada’s eastern shore -They would dry their fish on land and leave back to Europe -On shore they met the Mi’kmaq and the Beothuk, among other people of the east coast.

32. Importance of John Cabot’s Journey -First European to be on the mainland of North America since the Vikings -Increased contact between North America and Europe

33. Pros and Cons of First Contact -Split your piece of paper in half -On the left hand side write “pros” -On the right hand side write “cons” -Look over pp.46 - 59 -You may use these notes for your reflection on

34. The Reflection -Your paragraph should have a clear beginning, middle and end! -State your point of view in the first sentence -Provide examples supporting your point of view -Conclusion: restate your point of view