1. Properties & Its Changes
MATTER
Properties & Its Changes

2. Lesson 1: LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify the states of matter
Compare the physical and chemical properties of matter
Describe how matter is measured to calculate mass, volume and density

3. States of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
The 4 states of matter are:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

4. What do the particles (atoms) look like in each state of matter?

5. Shape & Volume of Matter
Type of Matter
Shape & volume
How are Atoms moving?
Attractive force between atoms
Solid
Definite shape and volume
vibrating
Strong – holding them together
Liquid
Definite volume but no definite shape
Sliding past each other
Weaker force than solids
Gas
No definite shape and volume
Atoms moving fast and free
Very weak attractive force
Plasma
(Not in book)
No definite shape or volume
Atoms moving fast and free with an electrical charge

6. Writing Response
What are some examples of each of the states of matter?
What do you do to change a solid to a liquid?
What do you do to change a gas to a solid?
In which states of matter can particles move from place to place?

8. Physical Properties of Matter
1. Mass and Weight:
Mass- amount of matter in an object
Weight -the gravitational pull on an object
2. Volume: the amount of space
an object takes up OR
Displacement- Used to measure the volume of irregular shaped objects
L x w x h = cm3

9. What is the volume of an object with a height of 2cm, a width of 2cm, a mass of 10g, and a length of 20cm? a.
40 cm3 c.
6 cm3 b.
80. cm3 d.
8 g3
A mineral is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 8.0 ml of water. The water level rises to 16.0 ml. What is the volume of the mineral?

10. 3. Density: the amount of matter in an object divided by the volume.
D = m/v
Density of water = 1g/cm3
If density of a substance is less than 1, it will float
If density of a substance is greater than 1, it will sink
Temperature affects density:
Temp. increases; density decrease
Temp. decreases; density increases
Salinity affects density:
Salinity increases; density increases
Salinity decreases; density decreases

11. Calculate the density of each object
Mass= 6.50 g
Volume= 1.25 ml
Density=?
Will the object float? Justify your answer
Object 2:
Mass= 8.65 g
Volume= 9.50 ml

12. Object 1: Object 2: Mass= 6.50 g Volume= 1.25 ml Density= D=m/v
D= 6.5 g/1.25 ml = 5.2 g/ml
The object will not float because its density is more than 1
Object 2:
Mass= 8.65 g
Volume= 9.50 ml
D= 8.65 g/9.5 ml = .91 g/ml
The object will float because its density is less than 1

13. 4. Conductivity: the ability of an object or substance to conduct
electricity.
5. Boiling Point: the temperature at
which the liquid changes to gas
(Water = 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit)
6. Melting Point: the temperature at which
a solid becomes a liquid
(Water = 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit)

14. 7. Solubility: the ability of an object to dissolve in another
Solute- the substance being dissolved
Solvent- the substance in which the solute is being dissolved in.
Water is considered a universal solvent.
8. Magnetism: the ability of an
object to attract a magnetic force

15. Practice
In the ocean, water is the _____________ and salt(Sodium;Na) is the _____________.
The physical property of matter which is the ability of an object to dissolve in another substance is _____________________.
The physical property of matter that is when a liquid changes to a gas is ________________.

16. Practice answers
In the ocean water is the _solvent_ and salt (Sodium Na) is the _solute____.
The physical property of matter that ability of an object to dissolve in another substance is _solubility____.
The physical property of matter that is when a liquid changes to a gas is __boiling point____.

18. Identifying Matter Using Physical Properties.
Density and Melting Point are good properties for identifying unknown substances because they do not depend on the size of the sample( the amount of the material).

19. Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical property: the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances
Examples:
Flammability: the ability of a type of substance to burn easily.
Most flammable = Hydrogen (H) gas
Ability to Rust(oxidize): the ability of a type of substance to form rust when it reacts to exposure of oxygen and water.
Most likely to Rust = Metals with Iron (Fe)

20. Written Response
What happens to the density of an object when you cut it in half?
Give a situation where you would need to know whether a substance or object is reactive or flammable.

21. Lesson 2: LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify the types of changes of matter – physical and chemical
Compare the signs of physical and chemical changes of matter
Describe how mass is conserved when a chemical reaction occurs (Law of Conservation of Mass)

22. Physical Changes of Matter
A change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does NOT change the matter’s identity is called a physical change.
Examples:
melting ice
ripping paper
cutting wood
erosion of a boulder

23. Dissolving and Changing States
Because the chemical properties of the substances in dissolving and changing of state stays the same, they are considered to be physical changes.

24. Writing Response List 3 physical changes for a piece of wood
Explain why dissolving is classified as a physical change.

25. Writing Response List 3 physical changes for a piece of wood
Painting
Cutting it
Sanding it
Explain why dissolving is classified as a physical change.
Dissolving is classified as a physical change because when substances dissolve, it mixes evenly into another substance, but the types and properties of the substance do not change.

26. Chemical Changes
A chemical change is a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into another substance with different chemical properties

27. Signs of a Chemical Change
Formation of Gas
Explosion(cumbustion)
Formation of precipitate Odor change
Color change

28. Energy and Chemical Change
The Law of Conservation of Energy : energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed
Some chemical changes release thermal, light, and sound energy.(Exothermic Reactions)
ex: Burning
Some chemical changes need thermal energy for them to occur. (Endothermic Reactions)
ex: photosynthesis

29. Writing Response
How are chemical changes different from physical changes?
What causes a car to rust? Why is rust a chemical change?

30. Writing Response
How are chemical changes different from physical changes?
Chemical changes differ from physical changes in that a different substance is produced during a chemical change but not in a chemical change.
What causes a car to rust? Why is rust a chemical change?
Iron in the metal of the car reacts with particles of water and oxygen resulting in rust. This is a chemical change because rust is a new substance that is neither iron nor oxygen.

31. Law of Conservation of Mass
Law states that the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the chemical reaction.