1. 1 ARPA-SIM, Bologna, Italy and CIMA, Savona, Italy. Improving the radar data mosaicking procedure by means of a quality descriptor Fornasiero, A., Alberoni, P.P., Amorati, R., Marsigli, C.

3. Quality Descriptor (ERAD, 2004) Q indexUnit Anomalous P.[]: 0, 1, 2 distance[m] Beam Block.[dB]  vol [dB] PIA[dB] Q d = quality before correction Q c = quality of the correction  [0, 1] err fract > 0 err fract < 0 Fornasiero A. et al, 2005 : Effects of propagation conditions on radar beam-ground interaction: impact on data quality, ADGEO Fornasiero A., 2006 : On the uncertainty and quality of radar data, PhD thesis.

4. Issues 1.definition and testing of radar data composition methods taking into account data quality 2.verification of quality definition consistency with data reliability

5. The compared methods QUALITY-BASED APPROACHES MAX_Q: maximum quality AVE_Q: quality-weighted average CLASSIC APPROACHES: MAX_Z: maximum reflectivity MIN_DIST: minimum distance AVE_DIST: r -2 weighted average Gattatico San Pietro Capofiume Short pulse areas

6. Case study – 24 May 2006 24-05-06 14.30 gat quality 24-05-06 14.30 spc reflectivity 24-05-06 14.30 gat reflectivity 24-05-06 14.30 spc quality

7. MAX_ZMAX_QAVE_Q 24-05-06 14.30 gat-spc weight 24-05-06 14.30 gat-spc reflectivity

9. Scores – tp (10 h) threshold (mm)1246 observations94725230 om=1.76 mm

11. Case study – 03-04 August 2006 03-08-06 13.15 gat quality 03-08-06 13.15 spc reflectivity03-08-06 13.15 gat reflectivity 03-08-06 13.15 spc quality

12. MAX_Z MAX_QAVE_Q 03-08-06 13.15 gat-spc reflectivity 03-08-06 13.15 gat-spc weight

14. Scores – tp (18 h) threshold (mm)12461015 observations1009484776948 om=11.9 mm

16. Concluding.. Quality information improves precipitation estimate in radar composits in convective cases, respect to traditional composition methods The wider is the spectrum of error sources enclosed within the quality descriptor, the more accurate is the composed precipitation field, even if some errors are not corrected AVE_Q is preferable with respect to other method especially when there is a lack of informations in Q The distance-based methods seem to be preferable respect to MAX_Z It is necessary to test the method in stratiform cases, after inserting VPR-related quality component into the Q function

18. Appendix Radar data resampling Data comparison Quality components Radar precipitation verification Data correction Addition of Q comp.

19. Addition of crucial quality components produces relevant changes in Max_q method om=1.76 mm

20. Data Correction Doppler filter Choice of the minimum elevation that is not affected by clutter and with a beam blocking rate lower than 50% Topographical beam blocking correction, based on a geometric optics approach Anomalous propagation clutter suppression Fornasiero, A., Bech, J., and Alberoni, P. P. Enhanced radar precipitation estimates using a combined clutter and beam blockage correction technique. pp 697- 710. SRef-ID: 1684-9981/nhess/2006-6-697

21. az az_min az_max 250 m Radar data resampling

22. Data comparison -radar data are resampled in a 1kmx1km grid -the observation is compared with the nearest radar measure -the precipitation is accumulated from the beginning to the end of the event -raingauges sampling interval=30 min. -only raingauges with the complete dataset (nmeasures=nhours*2) are considered -radar cumulated rain in 1 hour is calculated as weighted average of min 3, max 5 measures 1 KM 2 4 5 6 1 5 32 46 789

23. Quality components (1/3) CLUTTER Qd = 0 if clutter is present from VCT Qc = 0.5  Q* = 0.5 Qd =0.8 if the test is not applied BEAM BLOCKING Qd = f(BB)= 1-(BB/BB max ) 1/1.5 with BB MAX =50% Qc = f(BB)*f( q err)*f( D trs)*f( D rrs) f( q err)= 1- q err 1/1.5 pointing error f( D trs)= e - D trs/ D T time distance from radios. D T= 4 h f( D rrs)= e - D rrs/ D R space distance from radios. D R= 50 KM derived from Bech et al., 2003

24. DISTANCE Qd= e - b r from Koistinen and Puhakka, 1981 adj-factor clima = r/g=1-err fraz è  e - b r clima FOCALIZATION/DIVERGENCE ERROR Qd = 1 – ( D Vol/Vol) 1/1.5  Vol = volume variation respect to standard propagation Quality components (2/3)

25. ATTENUATION Qd = 1 – (ATTENUATION RATE) 1/1.5 Quality components (3/3) Burrows and Attwood, 1949 =5cm, T=18°C

26. Radar precipitation verification (1/2) Categorical: only one set of possible events occurs Discrete predictand: takes only one of a finite set of possible values... is conducted as verification of categorical forecasts of discrete predictands

27. yesno yesab nocd raingauges obs > thr radar obs > thr scoreformulawhat does it represent?bpvwpv BS=bias score(a+b)/(a+c)how often event is forecasted respect to observed 1  HR = hit rate(a+d)/nfraction of correct forecasts10 TS=Threat score or critical succes index a/(a+b+c)number of correct ‘yes’ forecasts/ total forecasts or observed (HR after removing correct ‘no’ forec.) 10 POD=probability of detection a/(a+c)prob. event forecasted, given that it occurred 10 FA=false alarms ratiob/(b+c)proportion of forec. that failed01 HSS= Heidke skill score....(HR-HR random )/(1-HR random )1 -- rmseN  (1/n  (f i -o i ) 2 )/om rmse nomalized respect to mean observed field 0  biasN (1/n  (f i -o i ))/om bias nomalized respect to mean observed field 0  “forecast”