1. The Labor Movement

2. Standard SS.912.A.3.2-Industrial Revolution: Examine the social, political, and economic causes, course, and consequences of the Second Industrial Revolution that began in the late 19th century SS.912.A.3.9: Examine causes, course, and consequences of the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

3. Worker Problems Impersonal Conditions Long Hours Boring, Repetitive tasks Low wages Child labor Periodic unemployment Lack of opportunity for advancement Unpleasant living conditions

7. Workers organize Because the work required little skill, workers could easily be replaced The only was to achieve better conditions seemed to be through worker organization Organizations were called labor unions

8. Purpose of Labor Unions To obtain higher wages and better working conditions “Mutual Aid” societies To place pressure on Government

10. National Labor As industries nationalized, labor leaders wanted unions to nationalize The Knights of Labor and American Federation of Labor were two early national labor unions

11. Knights of Labor Founded by Terrence Powederly in 1869 Both skilled and unskilled workers could join African Americans, women, farmers welcomed

12. Demands 8 hour work day Higher wages Safety codes No child labor No convict labor Equal pay for women Restrictions on immigration

14. By 1886 they had 700,000 members Too big, too loose=not effective Unsuccessful strikes led to members leaving

15. American Federation of Labor Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1881 Network of craft unions, only skilled workers No women and a few allowed African A. By 1900 it has 1 million members

16. Demands 8 hour workday Higher pay Better conditions Closed shop policy-employer promises to hire only union members

17. Tactics of Labor Strike Picket Line Strike Fund

18. Tactics of Management Strike-breakers (scabs)-temporary workers Managers-could fire workers Lockout-close the factory for a time and not pay workers Yellow dog contracts-not join union Blacklisting-fired union members information was given to other jobs so they will not be hired Pinkertons-private detective that spied on union and broke up strikes often with violence Injunction-court order to stop a strike

20. Role of Government Favored management for these reasons:  Unions were small  Role was to protect private property  Public opinion against unions  Unions seemed dangerous un-American  Business contributed to campaign  Laissez faire  Anti-strike

21. Great Railroad Strike Haymarket Riot Homestead Strike Pullman Strike

22. Ideology-system of related beliefs and ideas about people, society and government

23. Rise of Ideologies Capitalists Social Darwinists Communist Socialists Anarchist