1. Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.1
Bone as a Living Tissue

2. Bone as a Living Tissue functions of the skeletal system
structures and classifications of bones
growth and development of bones
remodeling of bones

3. Functions of the Skeletal System
support
body framework
protection
surround organs
movement
muscles pull bones
storage
minerals
blood cell formation
red bone marrow in medullary cavity

4. Structures and Classifications of Bones
composition of bones
osteocytes–mature bone cells
organization of bones
Cortical-Dense stiff strong
bone
Trabecular-Spongy flexible

5. Shape Categories of Bones
long
short
flat
irregular

6. Anatomical Structure of Long Bones

7. Growth and Development of Bones
osteoblasts
build bone tissue
osteoclasts
break down bone tissue
bone formation
ossification

8. Growth and Development of Bones
longitudinal growth
epiphyseal plate
circumferential growth
change in diameter
adult bone development
aging causes loss of bone mass

9. Remodeling of Bones hypertrophy of bones atrophy of bones
stronger bones
atrophy of bones
weaker bones

10. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: flat, osteocytes, osteoblasts, storage.
1. build bone tissue
2. one example of bone shape
3. a function of the skeletal system
4. mature bone cells

11. Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.2
The Axial Skeleton

12. The Axial Skeleton
the skull
the vertebral column
the thoracic cage

13. The Axial Skeleton

14. The Skull the cranium the facial bones surround the brain
protect the front of the head

15. The Cranium frontal bone parietal bones (2) temporal bones (2)
occipital bones (2)
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone

16. The Facial Bones maxillary bones (2) palatine bones (2)
zygomatic bones (2)
lacrimal bones (2)
nasal bones (2)
vomer
inferior concha bones (2)
mandible

17. The Cranial and Facial Bones

18. The Vertebral Column regions of the spine curves of the spine cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
curves of the spine
cervical curve
thoracic curve
lumbar curve
sacral curve

19. Structures of the Vertebrae
the vertebral body
the vertebral arch
the transverse processes
the spinous process
the superior and inferior articular processes

20. Structures of the Vertebrae

21. Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
lordosis
kyphosis
scoliosis

22. The Intervertebral Discs
located between vertebrae
shock absorbers
allow flexibility

23. The Thoracic Cage sternum ribs manubrium body of the sternum
xiphoid process
ribs
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs

24. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. All ribs are true ribs.
2. The facial bones surround the brain.
3. The sphenoid bone is part of the cranium.
4. There are 4 regions in the spine.
5. Intervertebral discs allow spinal flexibility.

25. The Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.3
The Appendicular Skeleton

26. The Upper Extremity the shoulder complex the arm scapula clavicle
humerus
radius
ulna

27. The Upper Extremity the wrist and hand carpals (8) metacarpals (5)
phalanges (14)

28. The Lower Extremity the pelvic girdle the leg ilium ischium pubis
femur
tibia
fibula
patella

29. The Lower Extremity the ankle and foot tarsals (7) metatarsals (5)
phalanges (14)

30. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: foot, shoulder complex, humerus, or pelvic girdle. 1. The proximal bone of the arm is the _______________. 2. The tarsals are found in the _______________. 3. The scapula and clavicle make up the _______________. 4. The ilium is part of the _______________.

31. Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.4
Joints

32. Categories of Joints immovable joints–synarthroses
slightly movable joints–amphiarthroses
freely movable joints–diarthroses

33. Immovable Joints sutures syndesmoses skull coracoacromial joint
distal tibiofibular joint

34. Slightly Movable Joints
synchondroses
sternocostal joint
epiphyseal plates
symphyses
vertebral joints
pubic symphysis

35. Freely Movable Joints

36. Freely Movable Joint Structures
bursae
tendon sheaths
articular tissues
articular fibrocartilage
tendons
ligaments

37. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: skull, diarthroses, amphiarthroses, synarthroses.
1. immovable joint
2. slightly movable joint
3. freely movable joint
4. sutures