1. CR 2014 Life Science

2. 1. Cell cycle – List and describe the steps of the cell cycle in order (remember, there are 3 steps, and the 2 nd one is broken into 4). (Ch.4) Interphase: cell makes more organelles and enzymes and grows to full size, copies DNA, and makes other needed structures Mitosis: nucleus divides – Prophase: nuclear envelope disappears; centrioles move to opposite ends of cell and spindle fibers form; chromosomes condense – Metaphase: each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere and lines up in center of elongated cell – Anaphase: sister chromatids separate and get pulled to opposite ends of cell – Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms; centrioles and spindle disappear; chromosomes unwind Cytokinesis: cytoplasm pinches in two in animal cells; cell plate forms in plant cells

3. 2. Classification – What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms? Which domains are prokaryotic? Which domains are eukaryotic? Explain how organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms and give examples of each. (Ch. 5) Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles or nucleus; eukaryotes do Archaea and Bacteria are the prokaryotic domains. Plants, Animals, and Protists are the eukaryotic domains. Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on 3 factors: – Cell type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) – Ability to make food (autotroph or heterotroph) – Number of cells in their body (unicellular or multicellular)

4. 3. Characteristics of Life – Name and explain the 6 characteristics all living things share. (Ch. 5) Cellular organization: all are made of cells. Chemicals: cells of living things are made of chemicals Energy: living things take in and break down materials from their surroundings Respond: all living things respond to stimuli with a response Growth and development: growth means getting larger; development means getting more complex Reproduce: either asexual or sexual

5. 4. Plant Life Cycles – Compare and contrast the two stages of a plant’s life cycle. (Ch. 6) Sporophyte stage produces spores or seeds that grow into tiny plants. Gametophytes produce gametes (egg and sperm) that unite in fertilization to form a zygote.

6. 5. Animal Life Cycles – Compare and contrast complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis explaining what happens in each stage. (Ch. 6) Both change from egg to adult Complete: egg, larva, pupa, adult – Changes size, shape, and color – Ex: caterpillar is the larval stage of a butterfly Incomplete: egg, nymph, adult – No distinct larval stage – Nymph looks like adult with no wings