1. Market Failures and Abiotic Resources

2. AND MINERALS

3. Are These Market Goods? What are their characteristics in terms of rivalry, excludability, stock flow, fund-service? What’s the difference between fossil fuels and metals? What about alternatives to fossil fuels?

4. How Important are Fossil Fuels? Essential to modern civilization? Simultaneous with market economy More than 20,000 hours of work in a barrel of oil Extremely high energy return on energy invested Science or faith in markets?

5. Supply and Demand for Oil

6. Supply Curve Now

7. Supply Curve Over Time

8. Oil production and oil prices from 2003 to 2010. Oil prices more than tripled between January, 2005 and July, 2008, while total production increased by less than 3%. Does Supply Respond to Price?

9. Does Price Respond to Supply? i.e. do Prices Reflect Scarcity?

10. Energy Per Capita in the US

11. What’s the Demand Curve Look Like? Demand for essential, non-substitutable resources What are the implications for marginal analysis? What are the implications for GNP?

12. As Oil Industry Fights a Tax, It Reaps Subsidies Supply w/ subsidy

13. What Costs are Missing?

14. Negative Externalities = degradation of public goods What are some of the externalities? How serious are they? Are they affecting things that are essential? Are they affecting things with no substitutes? How long do they last? What is more essential and non-substitutable, fossil fuels or the things they degrade? At what spatial scales do they occur? At what temporal scales?

15. Is this an accurate depiction of MEC?

16. User Cost: The Value Arising from Scarcity What would be a fair price for oil if it were infinite? What is the opportunity cost of extracting oil today? The concept of RENT (royalties) and VCAT

18. How Big is the Energy Challenge? What is current energy usage? What will it be by 2050? What percent is fossil fuels? How much do we need to reduce carbon emissions to stabilize the climate? What are the alternatives? What do we need to produce them? Are the alternatives market or non-markets? How much energy can we get from them? What do we do?

19. Supply and Demand for Fossil Fuels