1. THE STEP- BY STEPS: as posted on the FTP site

2. Cross-section of Eroded Bank

3. -sand bed stream – Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP) – Upper bank sloped and vegetated

4. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated LOCKED LOG locked under LPSTP (for aquatic habitat) Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP) with side slopes at the angle of repose

5. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Scour hole The stream will adjust to the LPSTP, & the LPSTP will self-adjust to armor the resulting scour hole

6. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated The LPSTP has self-adjusted

7. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Install Live Siltation

8. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Install gravel- cobble granular filter

9. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated FILL CUT Slope bank (balanced cut/fill)

10. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Sloped bank

11. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated To install Brush Layering, remove soil

12. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Install plant material as Brush Layering

13. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Backfill and install second layer of Brush Layering, etc.

14. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Install rooted-stock plants

15. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Soil-choke LPSTP

16. - sand bed stream - LPSTP – Upper bank sloped and vegetated Hydroseed all disturbed areas

17. DONE

18. QUESTIONS???

19. ONONDAGA CREEK @ NICHOL ROAD BRIDGE, LAFAYETTE, NY

20. Blue lines denote water’s edge at base flow Onondaga Creek @ Nichol Road Bridge-Sketch from Mark Schaub bar Nichol Road Bridge

21. Top layer of stone will be removed from red areas. The US section of the left bank will then be sloped & all areas planted.

22. Removed stone will be then placed in the brown areas using the trenchfill technology to provide a “funnel” effect to prevent the stream from flanking the existing project.

23. 100 Black Willow, 2,000 Streamco Willow, 500 Red Osier Dogwood & 100 Sycamore were planted using the Slit Trench & Brush Layering bioengineering methods. 40 RPM container plants (7 species of trees & shrubs) were planted in the green oval areas. Black Willow & Sycamore Extreme Instant Shade shown by the orange lines. Note: Plantings form a grid

24. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Sketches by Derrick Dig the trench down into the capillary (vadose) zone {moist area above the permanent water table} Mini-Case study: 1 of 8 Spoil

25. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Water table Mini-Case study: 2 of 8

26. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Vadose zone {moist area} is shown in pink Mini-Case study: 3 of 8 Water table

27. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Take the last scoop of soil dug from the trench & place it back into the trench. Mini-Case study: 4 of 8

28. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Place willows & other water-loving species into loose soil at bottom of trench. They are then less likely to fall over when trench is backfilled. Mini-Case study: 5 of 8

29. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Partially backfill the trench. Mini-Case study: 6 of 8

30. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Plant other species that require less water than the willow. In this case Sycamore & Red Osier Dogwood Mini-Case study: 7 of 8

31. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE Backfill & water plants in Mini-Case study: 8 of 8 DONE

32. ONONDAGA CREEK SITE 5-D Diamond-Oriented Traffic Control Stones with Single Stone Bendway Weirs

33. Square stones (3 ft by 3 ft by 3 ft) placed with a sharp edge facing upstream, designed to “kick” flow off the bank, must be keyed into the bed & bank, spaced 6 to 8 ft apart, every 4th one should be keyed into the bank. Every 4th stone has a Single Stone Bendway Weir. Diamond-Oriented Traffic Control Stones with Single Stone Bendway Weirs Key TCS Key TCS SSBW TCS SSBW

34. Thalweg is dug and that bedload material is placed between the Traffic Control Stones to form a bench at the same height as the TCS. Diamond-Oriented Traffic Control Stones with Single Stone Bendway Weirs

35. Plants, root mass, and soil was pulled down from the vertical outer bank to provide streamside vegetation. The mid & upper bank was sloped and seeded. Diamond-Oriented Traffic Control Stones with Single Stone Bendway Weirs

36. Step 1: Good veg & good root mat, but eroding bank Step 2: Undercut root mat without disturbing roots Step 4: Turn bucket & collapse bank. Add minimal stone toe Utilizing the existing dense root mat Stabilizing a low bank with good top bank veg

37. -Large sand bed river – Launchable LPSTP weighted toe with paved (riprap) midbank area– Upper bank sloped and vegetated

38. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated “Locked Logs” placed on bed of river and locked under the LPSTP (for improved aquatic habitat & energy dissipation)

39. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated “Locked Logs” should be angled downstream approx. 45 degrees so as to shed debris

40. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated LPSTP (with riverside slope at the angle of repose) in a “weighted toe” configuration Crest width

41. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated All of the purple stone can self-adjust (launch) and the LPSTP will still be at the original height of protection

42. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated The stream will adjust to the LPSTP, and the LPSTP will self-adjust to armor the resulting scour hole Scour hole

43. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated The LPSTP has self-adjusted Scour hole

44. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Grade the bank to the appropriate angle

45. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Install gravel- cobble granular filter

46. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Install willow poles (to be used as the Bent Willow Pole Method)

47. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Start to install riprap

48. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method (underlying willow bent up, then next stone placed) More riprap

49. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method

50. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated More riprap

51. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method

52. POSSIBLE VARIATION Plant some rooted-stock trees & shrubs within riprap area (in addition to the Bent Willow Poles)

53. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Install Brush Layering

54. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Install rooted-stock plants

55. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Soil-choke riprap

56. Large sand bed river – LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated Hydroseed all disturbed areas

57. DONE

58. QUESTIONS???

59. A MID PROJECT KEYWAY DETAIL

60. Detail for key Cross-section for keyway Flow

61. Place granular filter Detail for key Flow

62. Place Willow Poles against US side of trench Detail for key Flow

63. Place stone in trench Detail for key Flow

64. Choke stone with gravel (white areas) & water in Detail for key Flow

65. Backfill and overfill with native soils, then compact (some settling will still occur) Detail for key Flow

66. Seed DONE Detail for key Flow

67. WIDE KEYWAY DETAIL

68. DETAIL FOR KEYWAY THAT WILL ALSO BE USED FOR EQUIPMENT ACCESS & AS A HAUL ROAD

69. In addition to keyway functions, it will be used as equipment access & as a haul road 16 ft Detail for key Excavate wide trench

70. Place granular filter Detail for key

71. Place riprap stone in trench

72. Detail for key Choke stone with gravel & surge stone (white areas)

73. Detail for key Backfill & overfill {to allow for settling} with native soil

74. Detail for key Plant & hydro seed as appropriate DONE

75. TRENCHFILL REVETMENT DETAIL another way to do it

76. Place granular filter

77. Place willow poles & other adventitious rooting plants on DS side of trench

78. Place self-adjusting stone in trench

79. Choke stone with gravel & cobble (white areas)

80. Backfill & overfill {to allow for settling} with native soil

81. Plant & hydro seed as appropriate DONE

82. STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION

83. Flow

84. Dig key & footer trenches Key trench Footer trench Key trench STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION

85. Important note: In some cases the US key trench is dug all the way across the stream Key trench Footer trench STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Flow

86. Place granular filter (gravel) in all trenches. Note: granular filter not needed in gravel- cobble bed streams STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Flow

87. “Dig a hole, plant a pole” says John McCullah STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Pole plantings Flow

88. Place key stones and downstream footer stones STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Flow

89. “Place granular filter on footprint of ERR. STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION

90. Place a set of stones (in compression) just upstream of the footer stones STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION

91. A STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE WITH WEIGHTED TOE FLOW Stones on crest, the downstream face, & toe all set in compression Weighted toe can be designed to help stop the headward migration of a DS knickpoint {headcut}

92. Place all stones in compression from downstream to upstream including crest stones. STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE CONTROL & HEADCUT STABILIZATION

93. Place glide stones STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Flow will keep glide stones in compression

94. Place appropriate sediment or spawning gravel over glide stones STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION

95. Place bank protection riprap stones on both banks Bank protection riprap STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Pool will form here

96. STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Pool will form here Adventitious rooting poles planted next to bank protection riprap

97. DONE STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Pool will form here

98. Granular filter Flow Profile view STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION 20 1

99. All stones in compression from force of water, energy transferred into ground Force Profile view STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION

100. All stones in compression from force of water, energy transferred into ground Existing concrete slab Profile view ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE - MODIFIED FOR VENSAL CREEK APPLICATION Existing ground

101. ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLES FOR VENSAL CREEK APPLICATION, TULSA, OK. USA This ERR for stability, DS pool formation, & will also be sloped specifically for use as a boat launch This ERR designed to resist future instability and headcutting from the Arkansas River, and to provide a tailwater for the US boat launch ERR. Arkansas River

102. Engineered Rocked Riffles (ERR) in series used to mitigate the vertical drop over a concrete dam. Could be utilized on the Highland Park Dam on Swan Creek Constructed pool-riffle-pool configuration DAM All top stones in compression Water surface elevation Stone dug in

103. INTEGRATING A FISH LADDER ON THE DOWNSTREAM FACE OF AN ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE (ALL STONES IN COMPRESSION)

104. AN ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE WITH INTEGRATED FISH LADDER At least two layers of stones are set in compression to form pools on the DS face of the ERR Water surface elevation Backwater from DS ERR

105. AN ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE WITH INTEGRATED FISH LADDER Mini resting pool for fish passage

106. AN ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE WITH INTEGRATED FISH LADDER Compression forces (white arrows) are transferred into the ground Flow

107. AN ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE WITH INTEGRATED FISH LADDER An overall slope of 20 to 1 can still be maintained 20 1

108. Entire area excavated, with a granular filter placed on bed Similar to previous ERR but a large underground weighted stone toe at a 10 to 1 slope would be constructed DS of the present ERR. It would be constructed first, with all stones in compression SPECIAL CASE - STONE ERR WITH MAXIMUM HEADCUT STABILIZATION WEIGHTED TOE BUILT IN

109. Stones placed in compression on granular filter Amount of weighted toe stone will be designed to halt the upstream movement of a specific height of headcut SPECIAL CASE - STONE ERR WITH MAXIMUM HEADCUT STABILIZATION WEIGHTED TOE BUILT IN

110. Riprap stones placed for bank protection SPECIAL CASE - STONE ERR WITH MAXIMUM HEADCUT STABILIZATION WEIGHTED TOE BUILT IN

111. Flow Profile view STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION 20 1 10 1

112. Flow Profile view STONE ENGINEERED ROCKED RIFFLE FOR GRADE & HEADCUT STABILIZATION Amount of weighted toe stone will be designed to halt the upstream movement of a specific height of headcut

113. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed -

114. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap - Upper Bank Undisturbed -

115. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Install Live Siltation

116. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Pre-dig and overdig pool (let the stream determine final pool depth)

117. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Pre-dug pool Part of the dug area will be the toe-down area for the stone revetment

118. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - If good gravel-cobble, use dug pool material as a granular filter

119. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Install willow poles (to be used as the Bent Willow Pole Method)

120. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Install riprap

121. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Install Locked Logs

122. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Install more riprap to hold down Locked Logs Locked Log

123. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Bent Willow Pole Method (underlying willow bent up, then next stone placed)

124. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Bent Willow Pole Method More riprap

125. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Bent Willow Pole Method More riprap

126. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Bent Willow Pole Method Last of the riprap

127. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Soil-choke riprap

128. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Upper Bank Undisturbed - Hydroseed all disturbed areas

129. DONE

130. QUESTIONS???

131. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – PLUS Engineered Floodplain Bench – PLUS Upper Bank Sloped & Veged

132. Cross-section of Eroded Bank

133. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Floodplain Bench Cut floodplain bench and slope upper bank (you will have soil left over). Or build the floodplain bench out into the stream

134. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Dig Slit Trenches BOTH parallel and perpendicular to flow & install adventitious rooting plants Floodplain Bench

135. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Install upper bank rooted-stock plants

136. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Install Live Siltation against bank

137. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Pre-dig and overdig pool, let the stream determine the final pool depth

138. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Part of the dug area will also be the toe- down area for the stone revetment

139. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Pre-dug pool If good gravel-cobble, use dug pool material as a granular filter

140. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Install toed- down Riprap

141. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Install Locked Logs for aquatic habitat improvement & energy dissipation

142. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Lock Locked Logs in place with more Riprap Locked Log

143. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Install willows for Bent Willow Pole Method

144. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Add Riprap

145. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method (underlying willow bent up, then next stone placed)

146. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method More Riprap

147. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method

148. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method More Riprap

149. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method

150. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Bent Willow Pole Method Last of the Riprap

151. POSSIBLE VARIATION In addition to the Bent Willow Pole Method, some rooted stock plants could be placed within the interstices of the riprap

152. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Choke riprap with soil

153. Gravel-Cobble Bed Stream – Install Minimal Height Riprap – Engineered Floodplain Bench – Upper Bank Sloped & Vegetated Hydroseed all disturbed areas

154. Done – Basically riprap that could stand alone, but enjoys many other functions

155. QUESTIONS???

158. CONTRACTION STONES DESIGNED TO PROVIDE POOL HABITAT

159. WELL VEGETATED Overwidened riffle-run with no pools Flow Contraction Stones designed to provide pool habitat

160. Toe down large stones (partially key into bank) opposite each other to constrict channel. Crests of stones should not be higher than adjacent bank areas 10-15 ft Reduce width according to model results 8-10 ft Contraction Stones designed to provide pool habitat

161. Pre-dig and over-dig pool areas. Contraction Stones designed to provide pool habitat

162. Stream will set pool depths and widths over time DONE Contraction Stones designed to provide pool habitat

163. QUESTIONS???

164. Transverse Bar with Stone Angle Slam

165. Predig & overdig pool Transverse Bar with Stone Angle Slam

166. Place stones, backfill with soil (choke), and vegetate. Angle Slam stones Transverse Bar with Stone Angle Slam

167. Transplant overhanging shrub-small tree vegetation. DONE Transverse Bar with Stone Angle Slam

168. QUESTIONS???

169. Transverse Bar with Wood Board LUNKER

170. Pre-dig and overdig pool & LUNKER areas Pre-dig & overdig pool & area where LUNKERS will be placed Transverse Bar with Wood Board LUNKERS

171. Place and anchor LUNKERS. LUNKER Transverse Bar with Wood Board LUNKERS

172. Transplant large shrubs/small trees. DONE LUNKER Transverse Bar with Wood Board LUNKERS

173. QUESTIONS???

174. Transverse Bar with Log LUNKER

175. Dig & place footer logs, downstream log keys behind US log. Footer log Key section of log Transverse Bar with Log LUNKER

176. Place and anchor roof logs. Roof log Transverse Bar with Log LUNKER

177. Transplant shrub/tree vegetation. Transverse Bar with Log LUNKER DONE

178. QUESTIONS???

179. VORTEX WEIR FOR POOL CREATION

180. Vortex Weir for Pool Creation Vortex weir is a semi-circle flow concentrator, lower in the center of the Weir, plunge pool immediately downstream. Key stones will be choked with soil and vegetated. Lower elevation Key

181. Vortex Weir for Pool Creation Predig & overdig pool

182. Vortex Weir for Pool Creation Plant vegetation, can be combos of, Live Siltation, Live Stakes, Slit Trench, rooted stock or mechanically transplanted vegetation. Plant vegetation

183. Vortex Weir for Pool Creation Plant mechanically transplanted large shrub vegetation. Transplant large vegetation DONE

184. QUESTIONS???

185. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) WITH A VEGETATED FLOODPLAIN BENCH TALLER BANK EXAMPLE

186. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) WITH SINGLE STONE BENDWAY WEIRS, LOCKED LOGS, SOIL CHOKING, LIVE SILTATION, POLE PLANTINGS, ROOTED – STOCK PLANTS, & A FLOODPLAIN BENCH

187. Stream channel Top bank Eroding bank ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

188. “Locked Logs” placed on bed of river for improved aquatic habitat & energy dissipation. Locked Logs should be angled downstream 25 to 70 degrees so as to shed debris. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

189. Locked Logs are then “locked” under the Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP). ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

190. willow, dogwood, etc. poles placed on stone ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

191. Add more stone

192. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Tree or shrub poles (called Live Siltation) installed on top of LPSTP Sycamore, willow, dogwood, river birch poles can then be laid on the stone and up against the bank. Basal ends should be in vadose zone (capillary zone )

193. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Backfill to form floodplain bench at the Q-2 flood elevation

194. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) At intervals, install Living Dikes (densely deep-planted adventitious poles perpendicular to direction of high flow)

195. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Typically on floodplain appropriate rooted-stock plants would be installed

196. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Hydroseed, or seed & mulch

197. Floodplain bench planted on a grid pattern Flow AERIAL VIEW OF ENHANCED LPSTP WITH SINGLE STONE OR SHORT BENDWAY WEIRS, & A FLOODPLAIN BENCH Living Dikes- plants perpendicular to flow Live Siltation Single-Stone Bendway Weir

198. Floodplain bench planted on a grid pattern Flow AERIAL VIEW OF ENHANCED LPSTP WITH BENDWAY WEIRS, & A FLOODPLAIN BENCH Living Dikes- plants perpendicular to flow Live Siltation

199. QUESTIONS???

201. QUESTIONS ??? ANSWERS ???