1. INDO-PAKISTAN WAR 1947-1979, 1965, 1971 Mrs. Williams

2. Background Causes  Britain control India between the 15 th and 19 th century  India fought for Independence from Britain throughout the 19 th and 20 th century  Two major religious groups: Hindu and Muslim  Indian National Congress (1885) predominately Hindu  Muslim League (1906) created to counteract the Hindu dominance

3. Map of India Pre-Partition http://www.m apsofindia.co m/maps/india /prepartition map.htm

4. Independence  India received independence from Britain in 1947  Two nationalism organizations were created  Indian National Congress (1885)—Nationalist ideals to establish democracy would reduce the Muslim population  The Muslim League (1906)  Mohandas Gandhi supported both groups to get peace between the two groups  Mohammad Ali Jinnah (leader) of Muslim League and became the leader of Pakistan (Governor General)

5. Britain and Partition  Britain sent Lord Louis Mountbatten to India as the viceroy to negotiate independence  Mountbatten acknowledged that a civil war was inevitable so he imposed a partition  He created a Hindu State, India and a Muslim State, Pakistan

6. Mountbatten’s Plan http://www.m artinfrost.ws/h tmlfiles/aug2 007/partition _india.html

7. Results and Independence  Mountbatten’s Plan was a weak solution  Britain continued to interfere in India even after independence was achieved  Partition created massive migration, homelessness, integration into a new society

8. 1947-1949 War  The division between Western and Eastern Pakistan and India were highlighted by differing economic and religious issues  Three princely states were given the opportunity to chose independence or confirm their allegiance to India or Pakistan  Kashmir, Mysore, and Hyderbad

9. Princely States http://en.wiki pedia.org/wik i/File:British_I ndian_Empire _1909_Imperi al_Gazetteer _of_India.jpg

10. Kashmir  India and Pakistan valued this area  Ruled by a Hindu but Kashmir was mostly Muslim in Population  Muslims rose up against the Hindu minority and Pakistan sent men to overthrow the government in less than a month  The Maharajah appealed to India for military aid in October, in return for service Kashmir would be acquired by India  This ignited Pakistan to send an army in 1948

11. War  Both India and Pakistan’s armies were receiving guidance from the British military  Indian military (army) used aircraft and armored cars to transport troops to the capital of Kashmir  A stalemate was reached by 1948 and a ceasefire agreement was reached

12. Effects  1500 soldiers were killed  Civilian causalities 1k  Kashmir became part of India  Pakistan army still occupied the northern part of Kashmir