1. Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson Intro Video
Jacksonian Democracy clip

2. The “Iron Horse” wins 1830  13 Miles of Track built

3. The Railroad Revolution
Immigrants built northern railroad
Slaves built southern railroads

4. What can you conclude about inland freight (shipping domestically) based on the chart?

5. American Ingenuity 1800  41 patents approved
1807  Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin
Credit incorrectly given to Whitney, likely a slave inveted it
Interchangeable Rifle Parts
1860  4,357 Patents were approved

6. John Deere and the Steel Plow (1837)

7. Cyrus McCormick: The Mechanical Reaper
1831

8. Samuel Morse- Telegraph (Texting- before Snapchat)
1840

9. Howe and Singer
Sewing Machine
1840s

10. Newspaper Growth

11. US Population Density
1810
1820

12. Western Population Growth

13. Where are the Federalists, now?
Monroe President Video

14. Evolution of Major Political Parties
Time
Hamilton
Jeffersonians
1792
Federalists
Democratic-
Republicans
1820
One party
Era of Good Feelings
1825
National Republicans
Jacksonian Democrats
1834
Whigs
Democrats
1854

15. Political Parties of the early 19th Century

17. Extension of Voting Rights
Compare with your chart

18. Rise of Democratic Politics
Read
Annotate
Summarize Document in your Notes

19. The Election of 1824 “The Corrupt Bargain”
Drawing Conclusions: Corrupt Bargain
Jackson Doc 46:30-50:30

20. Andrew Jackson Henry Clay John C. Calhoun John Quincy Adams
“Killing 2500 British Soldiers does not qualify one for the highest office in the land” Clay
John C. Calhoun
“Tariff of Abomination”
Exportation & Protest
John Quincy Adams

21. Popular Vote Electoral Vote
The Election of 1824
“The Corrupt Bargain”
Candidate
Popular Vote
Electoral Vote
Andrew Jackson
War Hero & “Common Man”
43% 99
J.Q. Adams
Secretary of State
31% 32
William Crawford
Secretary of the Treasury
13% 41
Henry Clay Speaker of the House 37

22. Election of 1824 – The Corrupt Bargain
Four candidates:
Crawford
Jackson
Clay
Adams
No majority in Electoral College
John Q. Adams wins in House of Representatives
Clay appointed Secretary of State
John Q Adams Presidents Video
Reinventing the President Video

24. Jackson’s “Style” - Old Hickory
- Favored “Commanding” not compromising
- Pro-Slavery BUT keep it a “non-issue”
- Jackson is Anti-Abolitionist – keep them from spreading their ideas
- Despised Indians
- A partisan Democrat
- “Common Man” theme but…?
“to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy”

25. Jacksonian Democracy “The Common Man”

26. Good, Evil: 52:50 – 59:30
Rachel Jackson

27. The Peggy Eaton Affair
Peggy Eaton
John Eaton
Kitchen Cabinet

28. “King Andrew” 20% of federal positions went to “loyal” Democrats
Spoils System
“To the Victors go the spoils”
20% of federal positions went to “loyal” Democrats

29. First Seminole War Jackson invaded Spanish Florida in 1818
tried and executed two British subjects
Calhoun condemned Jackson
saying that Jackson was not ordered to invade
suggested disciplinary action
Jackson was not aware until 1831 – while Calhoun was his Vice President

30. Nullification Crisis 1832 – 1833
Tariff of 1832
Election of 1832
Force Bill (Jackson)
Compromise Tariff (Clay)
Jackson Nullification R/A/Q

31. Nullification Crisis- Tariff of Abominations
Tariff was passed in 1816 to protect industry
It was as high as 33% which meant goods were expensive for people
1828 the tariff was again approved for a 50% rate
-S.C. was hurt by the tariff and John Calhoun, became outspoken----drafted nullification doctrine---response to Kent and Vir Res-
South opposed tariff- increased prices for manufactured goods and endangered access to foreign markets
John C. Calhoun anonymously authored ‘Doctrine of Nullification’—right of an individual state to set aside Federal law
Jackson and Calhoun’s relationship never the same
At the 1830—Jefferson Day Dinner-
Jackson “to the union—it must be preserved”
Calhoun “to the union—next to our liberty, the most dear”

32. Nullification 1832—tariff passed, South Carolina nullified
Jackson threatened to send army
Nullification foreshadowed state sovereignty positions of the South in slavery debates
Compromise
Force Bill authorized Jackson to use military to enforce federal law
Clay’s Compromise Tariff of 1833 lowered rates

33. Webster – Hayne Debate
Nationalism and Union - Daniel Webster, Massachusetts
States Rights and Nullification – Robert Hayne, south Carolina

34. States Rights and Nullification
Hayne – “The Tariff is unconstitutional and MUST be repealed.”
Calhoun had written – “ The rights of the South have been destroyed, and must be restored…The Union is in danger and must be saved.”

35. Nationalism and Union
Webster – “I go for the Constitution as it is, and for the Union, as it is. It is Sir, the people’s Constitution, the people’s government, made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people.”
“...Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and Inseperable!”

36. Jackson – “Our union, it must be preserved.”
Debate Continues-
At a Jefferson Day Dinner, Jackson
and Calhoun make a toast…
(with a drink NOT with bread )
Jackson – “Our union, it must be preserved.”
Calhoun – “The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.”
Newspaper Quote for Jackson – “ Our federal Union; It must and shall be preserved.”
Nullification Video

37. The Bank War “the bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.”
Biddle - president of second bank
Debate over renewal of National bank’s charter
Biddle accused of corruption by Democrats
Corporation/Bank War Video
Bank War R/A/Q
Bank War clip

38. Bank war
Jackson against bank – Vetoed charter saying “…such a concentration of power in the hands of a few men, irresponsible to the people”
After re-elected, Jackson effectively destroyed the bank – all federal $ are removed making it essentially a private bank
The 2nd Bank of the U.S. is effectively - out of business by 1841 – becomes the basis of the Bank of America

39. Bank War and 2 Party System
“The Bank War” a symbolic defense of Jacksonian concept of democracy
Led to two important results
Formation of opposition party to Jackson— the Whigs
Economic disruption
Bank had been tremendously prosperous under the direction of Nicholas Biddle
29 branches of the bank spread across country

40. Jackson and the Hydra-Headed Monster
Bank of the United States unpopular, blamed in South and West for 1819 Depression
1823 Biddle took over and restored confidence
Jeffersonians opposed bank on principle as unconstitutional and too much power in the hands of a few
Bank possessed great power and privilege with no public accountability

41. The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832
Jackson vaguely threatened bank in first term
Nicholas Biddle sought new charter four years early in 1832
Congress passed, but Jackson vetoed
Bank had been tremendously prosperous under the direction of Nicholas Biddle
29 branches of the bank spread across country
Jackson claimed the bank had to much power in the hands of too few
When Jackson won election in 1832, he viewed the public gave him a mandate to destroy the bank
Claimed the bank was unconstitutional
Defended veto as a blow for equality
Jacksonian victory in 1832 spelled bank’s doom

43. Assassination attempt
First attempt on a president’s life in us. History
Richard Lawrence
Unemployed English house paint
Attempted to shoot Jackson outside capital building
Two pistols - both misfired
Jackson beat him with his cane while he was restrained by DavY Crockett

44. Killing the Bank Jackson destroyed bank by removing federal deposits
Funds transferred to state (“pet”) banks
Biddle used his powers to cause recession, attempted to blame Jackson
Destruction of bank provoked fears of dictatorship, cost Jackson support in Congress
Pet banks let eastern wealth pervade the western =frontier…
This is period from where the federal government actually held a surplus

45. The Cherokee "Trail of Tears" 1838-1839
Indian Removal clip
Indian Removal R/A/Q

46. American Views on Indians
Treaty of 1791 created the Cherokee Nation – 17,000 in NW Georgia
Jefferson –hoped to convince the indians to abandon their “Savage ways”
Georgia argued “the cherokee are ‘holding back civilization’ from the georgia government
1817 as an agent for the war dept., Jackson coerced a treaty from the cherokee to move to nw georgia

47. Cherokee Nation – 334 Million Acres of land – farmers with high level of literacy, had “assimilated” to be americans…but?

48. Federal Formal Indian Removal
Jackson agreed that federal government had not removed Indians quickly enough
Jackson got federal government approval for state removal initiatives with Indian Removal Act of 1830
John Marshall- and sovereignty
-Improved transportation methods in 1815 led to the westward flow of white settlers
-250,000 Indians remained in western lands and the question remained- what was their status?
s US negotiated treaties on assumption that tribes were foreign countries
-Jackson thought natives were not foreign but Americans and though they might be entitled to their land, they were not entitled to large tracts of hunting land
-In his first message to congress in Jackson said Indians within US borders could not remain sovereign- congress agreed
-Removal from Georgia began and missionaries/Cherokee living in Georgia appealed to S.C
-In Marshall heard the case Worcester v Georgia---determined that Cherokee were entitled to land
-Jackson was furious- he said “Marshall made his decision-now let home enforce it”
-1835 the Cherokee issued a plea, but it feel on deaf ears
-They were supposed to move voluntarily, when they refused the fed govt forcibly removed them beginning in 1838.

49. Indian removal act of 1830
Authorized the u.s. government to remove all eastern tribes(nations) by force if necessary – the seminoles take up arms ( ) wars cost the U.S. $40-60 million(in 1830 $)

50. John Marshall’s Court Decision
Cherokee Nation v Georgia 1831-in response to the Removal act
Cherokee are a “Domestic Independent Nation” and are wards of the U.S. Government – The Indians had NO RIGHT to sue in U.S. Courts – would need an AMERICAN to file

51. John Marshall’s Court Decision
Worcester v Georgia 1832 –
Worcester was an american and had been removed from the cherokee lands by georgia
Court ruled - georgia had neither the right to remove American Nor the indians – the treaties with are CONTRACTS -

52. Indian removal “Five civilized tribes” Sequoya
“John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it”
Andrew Jackson or at least it is attributed to him…
“Five civilized tribes”
Sequoya
Cherokee, Seminole, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw
“Trail of tears”
Oklahoma
“Indian Reservation”

53. Trail (S) of Tears
-The most commonly known trail was in the South-the Cherokee, but there were many others as you can see from the map.
1838—U.S. Army forced Cherokee west along the Trail of Tears

58. The Emergence of the Whigs
Whig party a coalition of forces, first united in agreement about Jackson
Democrats opposed government regulation of morality
Clay and National Republicans
Webster and New England ex-Federalists
States-rights southerners
Whigs defended activist government in economics, enforcement of “decency

60. Martin Van Buren Vice President 1833 – 1837 Elected President 1836
Established independent Treasury
Faced Panic of 1837

61. 1836 Election and Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren Jackson’s handpicked successor
Term began with Panic of 1837
Whig strategy in 1836 was to run four candidates and force election to House of Representatives; it failed
Panic caused more by complex changes in global economy than Jackson’s fiscal policy
Laissez-faire philosophy prevented Van Buren from helping to solve the problems of economic distress

63. 2 Party System
Election of 1840  permanent two-party system in the U.S.
Whigs supported a “positive liberal state”: government should support and protect industries that help economic growth
Democrats supported “negative liberal state”: government should not interfere in economy
Whigs and Democrats evenly divided for next two decades
Whigs
Industrialists, merchants, successful farmers, more likely Protestant
Democrats
Small farmers, manufacturing, more likely Catholic