1. What makes a plant a plant?
Plants
What makes a plant a plant?
Plants are Eukaryotic.
Plants have cell walls.
Plants make their own energy through photosynthesis

2. What plants need to survive
1. Sunlight
2. Water
3. CO2 & Oxygen
4. Nutrient and water movement

3. Early Plants Photosynthetic bacteria - as early as 1.5 BYA
All early plants were heavily dependent on water
Photosynthetic bacteria - as early as 1.5 BYA
(billion years ago)
Algae – around 750 MYA to 1 BYA
(million years ago)
Mosses and ferns
Earliest relatives
Cooksonia – 470 MYA

4. Flowering Plants Two different Types: Monocots and Dicots
1. Monocot Characteristics
Single Cotyledon – a seed that creates a single leaf at sprouting
Leaves with parallel veins
Flower parts in multiples of three (3)
Vascular tissue throughout the stem
Fiberous root system
Monocots are usually “grassy” plants
Examples : Corn, Bamboo, Sugar Cane, and grass.

5. 2. Dicot Characteristics
Two cotyledons
Leaves with branched veins
Flower parts in multiples of four (4) or five (5)
Vascular tissue in a ring in the stem
Tap root systems
Dicots are usually non-grassy with branching stems which may be woody
Examples : Most trees, roses, daisies,

6. Comparative Characteristics.

7. Another view of the seeds of Monocots and Dicots

8. Roots, Stems, and Leaves Seed plants generally have three structures
- a system for absorbing dissolved nutrients and water.
Stems
- a structure used to support the body of the plant.
Leaves
- the main photosynthetic region of the plant.

9. How does a plant get water and nutrients around in the plant?
Xylem Tissue
- cells that make hollow tubes that are water-proof and allow water to rise in a plant (capillary action)
Phloem Tissue
- cells that form tubes that allow foods and minerals to move in the plant

10. Xylem
Phloem

11. How do plants grow? Meristematic Tissue Apical Meristem
- tissue that allows the plant to grow up, down, or out.
Apical Meristem
Root tip
- the meristematic tissue that allows growth at the tips of the root and the tips of the branch
Bundles in a non-woody plant
Vascular Cambium
meristematic tissue in the outer layer of the stem/trunk that allows growth outward (thicker)

12. Chapter 24 Chapter Review
Plant Reproduction
Chapter 24 Chapter Review
Page 629
Questions Write Questions and Answers
Questions 12 – 21 & 30 Write out full sentence answers

13. Plant Reproduction Angiosperm Gymnosperm - “naked seed”
There are two types of seeds created in plants
Gymnosperm
- “naked seed”
seeds that have no covering over them – usually cone-bearing trees.
Will be covered last.
Sequoia
Angiosperm
- seeds are covered by a “seed coat”.
Aspen

14. Angiosperm Flower Parts
(Complete flower)
Complete flowers have four parts.
Stamen – male part
anther and filament
2. Carpel (pistil) –female part
stigma, style and ovary
3. Sepals – protection for flower during development
4. Petals – protection for flower as well as attracting pollinators

15. The Stamen have a stalk (filament) that is tipped with a pad (anther) covered in pollen grains that are barbed, or sticky.
The Carpel is “vase-shaped” with a ovary filled with waiting seeds, a long stalk (style), and a sticky top (stigma).

16. Creation of a seed
1. When a pollen grain reaches the stigma, it sticks and begins to grow a “root”.
2. The root of the pollen continues down the style until it reaches the ovary.
3. When it reaches the seed, it fuses with it and creates a fertilized seed.

17. Fruits are used to protect the seed, and also to get animals to eat the seed for dispersal elsewhere.

18. Once the Dicot seed is planted, it follows a very specific process.
1. It opens the seed coat and releases it’s embryonic root and stem
2. Upon emerging from the ground, the cotyledons open and the first leaves appear.
3. Meristematic tissue continues development past the first pair of leaves (both roots and stems) 1. 2. 3.

19. Monocots follow the same three steps.1. 2. 3.

20. Gymnosperm Reproduction
Gymnosperms have both male and female cones
Male cones – usually found at the highest parts of the tree. Contain pollen that is carried by wind to female cones
Female cones – usually found lower on the tree than male cones. Will open to take in pollen then close tightly for germination, then open again to release the seeds

21. Plant Test Review Define 1. Photosynthesis 2. Eukaryotic 3. Monocot
4. Dicot 5. Cotyledon 6. Roots
7. Stems 8. Leaves 9. Xylem
10. Phloem 11. Capillary action 12. Meristem
13. Apical meristem 14. Vascular Cambium 15. Gymnosperm
16. Angiosperm 17. Female cone 18. Male cone
19. Stamen 20. Carpel 21. Sepal
22. Petal Stigma 24. Style
25. Ovary 26. Filament 27. Anther
28. Pollinator 29. Seed coat 30. Fruits
Questions
Describe the process of seed production in dicots.
Explain the growth of plants both upwards and outwards.