1. A classical look at the art of public speaking

2.  Webster’s: “The art of speaking or writing effectively.”  Aristotle: “The ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion.”

3.  Preliminary Questions:  What do we believe, think, or feel in common?  Are the premises for the argument appropriate?  Does the proper conclusion follow the premise?

4.  Translates to “Thought plus action”  Uses reasoning, patterns, conventions to appeal to audience  Facts (supporting evidence), and expert testimony are key

5.  The credibility the author establishes  Intelligence, virtue and good will  Moral character  Beliefs, values, and priorities  Relationship to audience  Formal or informal, dignity

6.  Called pathetic or emotional proof  Needs of the audience  Guilt, Love, Security, Pity, Humor

7. Remember the importance of rhetoric