1. December 4, 2009 Men carry the seeds of their own destruction in the genes present in their sperm, research suggests. Scientists working on mice have highlighted a specific gene that, although carried by both sexes, appears to be active only in males. They believe it allows males to grow bigger bodies - but at the expense of their longevity. The study, by Tokyo University of Agriculture, appears in the journal Human Reproduction. XCh. 16 (wastes) & 17 (water pollution) Men's genes 'may limit lifespan'

2. % by Volume % by radioactivity Types of Radioactive Waste XLow Level äfrom hospitals, labs and industry äpaper, rags, tools, clothing, filters XTransuranic (intermediate) äresins, chemical sludges, reactor components XHigh Level äspent fuel, nuclear weapons

3. Fuel: 56,000 MT Defense: 11,000 MT Total: 67,000 MT

4. ceramic Synroc How is HLRW Stored? XLiquid XSolid äVitrification äSynroc

5. Management of Wastes XLong term options (potential problems?) äbury in ocean floor älaunch into space äput in polar ice sheets äsubduction zones äbedrock caverns ‘delay-and-decay’

6. Underground Storage XMultiple Barrier Concept ä Host rock stable geology low porosity & permeability, unfractured –e.g., granite, basalt, tuffs, shale, salt domes ä Engineered barriers canisters, shielding, backfill ä Solid waste form vitrified or ceramic form reduces mobility

7. Dry climate, remote location, stable geology, deep water table, welded tuffs, Nevada Test Site (NTS) Underground repository must safely isolate highly radioactive nuclear waste for at least 10,000 years. Why Yucca Mountain?

8. 3-D image of YM with tunnels

9. PerforatedSheet

10. Water table ▼ YM Geologic Cross Section

11. S. Finsterle Seepage Studies XCapillarity and evaporation XBoiling and drying XFracture sealing J. Birkholzer T. Kneafsey