1. CAMLESS ELECTRONIC REGULATORY MODULE FOR A 4-S SINGLE CYLINDER I C ENGINE

2. Introduction:

3. Camshafts:  A cylindrical rod consisting of cam profiles.  The rotation maintains the automation of the valves.  The motion is relative to that of the crankshaft.  This accounts to various mechanical and frictional losses.

4. Working Principle:  Two LDR sensors are used for the automation of both the valves  These are placed on both the sides of the flywheel to avoid malfunctioning of the valve.  The microcontroller receives the pulses from the LDR sensors alternately.  The microcontroller operates the electric linear actuator logically.

5. Electric Linear Actuator : 1) Motor 2) Limit and Torque Sensor 3) Gearing 4) Valve Attachment 5) Manual Operation 6)Actuator Controls 7)Electric Connections 8) Field Bus Connection.

6. Electric Linear Actuator:  These are used for the automation of valves.  Linear actuators are used for the reciprocatory motion.  These can be designed according to the required speed and torque.  They can be easily programmed on a microcontroller with the help of the field bus connection.

7. Microcontroller:  MCU on a computer-on-a-chip.  It is divided into three parts: ALU Control unit ROM  It is used as a input/ output interface.  Does work at higher integration with larger volume of instructions  Wider application in automobiles, Analogue to Digital converters etc,.

8. Light Dependant Resistor:  LDR or a Photoresistor  These are either Intrinsic or Extrinsic  Detects light as resistance decreases with increase in incident light intensity  Most commonly made of Cadmium Sulphide Cells  Used in meters, clock radios, security alarms etc,.

9. Conclusion:  Internal friction is reduced greatly because there are fewer moving parts. At low speeds, about 25 percent of an engine's friction is caused by the valve train.  Horsepower, torque and fuel economy are improved because the crankshaft's power is driving only the wheels.  Emissions are reduced because the computer-controlled valve timing is infinitely variable. Each valve in each cylinder can be opened and closed independently, something not possible with a traditional engine.