1. 1QQ Choose only one to answer: #1 Which two tracts are involved with fine motor control of the extremities and for facial expression? # 2 Which brain region is most likely affected in a patient who exhibits an oscillating movement of the hand and fingers that increase in amplitude as the person attempts to touch his nose?

2. 6 November 2009 Begin Ch 12 Cardiovascular Physiology 6 sections p. 359-439 2 CV labs: 1 Frog heart, 1 Human EKG and Blood Pressure

4. Circulatory System Circulates Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, ketones, etc Wastes: Hormones: bound & free Gases: CO 2 and O 2 Formed Elements: Cells and Cell Fragments –Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes = Platelets Other roles of the Cardiovascular System Thermoregulation Blood Clotting Reproduction (ex: penile erection)

5. Figure 12.01 Blood volume ~ 5 liters Serum = plasma – clotting factors Formed elements Components…… Blood doping & erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in bone marrow) to increase hematocrit Entering and Exiting the blood Discontinuous capillaries in bone marrow, spleen, & liver permit erythrocytes to enter and exit blood. Hct = percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs Anemia The Scoop on Tissie

6. Fig. 12.02 Arteries..away from heart Veins..return to heart Regional blood flow determined by arteries and arterioles. Resting Cardiac Output = 5L/min for each side! When left heart can’t pump all the blood it receives from pulmonary circuit (due to high aortic pressure and/or damage to left ventricle) blood accumulates in pulmonary circuit. This is congestive heart failure. Symptom: shortness of breath.

7. Figure 12.04 CO = 5L/min for each circuit Up to 35 L/min in strenuous exercise

8. What’s missing? Microcirculation Pulmonary circuit Systemic Circuit CO = 5 liters/min Exchange Vessels Resistance Vessels Capacitance vessels

9. F=Q=ΔP/R Flow = Pressure gradient/Resistance A version of Ohm’s Law (V=IR) R = 8Lη/πr 4 Q= ΔP πr 4 8Lη Poiseulle’s equation Smooth muscles determine radius Double radius … 16x flow Half radius….1/16 th flow Radius of arterioles regulates Q to organs