1. 3-D Graphics Rendering Using PVM CLUSTERS Arjun Jain & Harish G. Naik R. V. College of Engineering, Bangalore

2. Contents ● Parallel Virtual Machines (Introduction & setup) ● Ray-Tracing ● POV-Ray ● PVMPOV ● Demo

3. Parallel Virtual Machine( Introduction ) ● System of Heterogeneous nodes ● Message passing system ● Carry out parallel computation ● Daemon called pvmd ● Library PVM interface routines

4. Parallel Virtual Machine( Setup ) 1. Download pvm3.4.0.tgz into your user directory (e.g. /home/aj). 2. Add the following to your.bash_profile file PVM_ROOT=$HOME/pvm3 PVM_DPATH=$PVM_ROOT/lib/pvmd PVM_ARCH=LINUX export PVM_ROOT PVM_DPATH PVM_ARCH 3. Logout and then login again as your username to install the new environment. 4. Now untar the PVM files with tar -zxvf pvm3.4.0.tgz

5. Parallel Virtual Machine( Setup ) 5. Change directory into /pvm3 6. Run make and let the compile proceed. 7. When complete move back to your home directory and issue the pvm command. You should see the pvm prompt. If so all is well. Type halt to exit pvm. 8. Repeat this on each of the machines in the cluster. 9. Now test that you can add machines to the cluster. Say $ pvm pvm.hosts and check configuration at pvm prompt by: pvm> conf and you should be getting something like: 3 hosts, 1 data format HOST DTID ARCH SPEED arjun 40000 SUNMP 1000 harish 80000 SUNMP 1000 aj c0000 SUNMP 1000

6. Ray Tracing ● Generated by tracing rays of light ● Center of projection ● Window on arbitrary plane Center of Projection Window

7. Ray Tracing ● Window is divided into regular grid ● Grid elements correspond to pixels ● Ray fired from COP center into scene ● Greater intersections greater resolution ● More computing power required Center of Projection Window

8. POV-Ray ● Persistence Of Vision Raytracer ● 3-dimensional raytracing engine ● Simulates the way light interacts ● Creates 3-D pictures and animation ● Images are photo realistic

9. POVRay ( Script example ) global_settings { assumed_gamma 2.2 } camera { location direction look_at } sphere {, 2 pigment { color red 1 green 0 blue 0 } } light_source { color red 1 green 1 blue 1 }

10. PVMPOV ● Rendering on heterogeneous systems ● Parallel option only if - +N option ● Else as a single task ● Centralized scheme ● 1-master many slaves ● Master divides image into blocks ● Blocks are assigned to slaves

11. PVMPOV( contd... ) ● Sent back to master after rendering ● Master combines to form one image ● Master may or may not render ● Rendering possible even if a slave fails ● Starts slaves at reduced priority ● If master fails – slaves time out

12. PVM-POV( Setting up ) 1.Download sources POV-Ray sources : povuni_s.tgz PVMPOV sources : pvmpov-3.1g2.tgz 2.Unpack sources 3.Patching PVMPOV 4.Build PVMPOV 5.Install Binaries

13. PVM-POV( Using ) 1. Add hosts to pvm.hosts 2. Start PVM $ pvm pvm.hosts 3. Locate POV-Ray object script files 4. Start PVMPOV $ pvmpov

14. Demo 1)Povray on Uniprocessor system 2)PVM-Pov on PVM Cluster

15. Conclusion ● Clusters can be easily setup ● Can be used for other applications ● Others - LAM, OpenMosix, Condor etc.

16. Sources : ● www.povray.org - POVRAY sources for UNIX www.povray.org ● PVM home http://www.epm.ornl.gov/pvm/pvm_home.html http://www.epm.ornl.gov/pvm/pvm_home.html ● PVM: Parallel Virtual Machine - A User's Guide and Tutorial for Networked Parallel Computing, Al Geist, Adam Beguelin, Jack Dongarra, Robert Manchek, Weicheng Jiang and Vaidy Sunderam, MIT Press. Available athttp://www.netlib.org/http://www.netlib.org/ ● PVMPOV from sunsite.unc.edu

17. Reach us : Harish G. Naik, VII semester CSE, RVCE – harishgnaik@yahoo.com harishgnaik@yahoo.com – http://harishnaik.8m.net http://harishnaik.8m.net Arjun Jain, V Semester CSE, RVCE – arjun_jain@yahoo.com arjun_jain@yahoo.com