1. IIIIIIIV I will know/be able to… Utilize appropriate scientific vocabulary to explain scientific concepts. Distinguish between ionic and metallic bonds. Explain why the atoms of the noble gases have chemical stability. Recognize that atoms achieve chemical stability by forming bonds. Relate chemical stability and activity, energy changes, the octet to bond formation. Describe how metals and nonmetals combine to achieve stable valence shells by forming chemical bonds with one another. Explain the formation of an ionic bond including the three energy changes involved: ionization energy, electron affinity, and lattice energy. Use and apply the rules for writing and naming monatomic ions and binary ionic compounds. Use the proper rules for naming and writing formulas for ternary ionic compounds. Unit 9- Ionic and Metallic Bonding

2. Vocabulary zChemical Bond yattractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit ybonds form in order to… xfulfill octet rule – atoms tend to gain, lose or share e - to acquire 8 valence e - xincrease stability

3. Vocabulary zCation yPositively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more valence e - yNumber of protons stays the same, but less electrons gives positive charge Loses an e-

4. Vocabulary zCations yMetals – lose valence e- easily yTransition metals – have 2 valence e-, usually lose those two to form 2+ ions, but can also lose d electrons to form other ions

5. Vocabulary zAnions yNonmetals easily gain e - to form negative ions to get to 8 valence e - yName is changed to root + -ide Gains an e- Chloride ion

6. Vocabulary zAnions yNonmetals usually gain e - ySome can gain or lose, but will gain most often

7. Vocabulary ION Polyatomic Ion Monatomic Ion 1 atom 2 or more atoms NO 3 - Na +

8. Ionic Compounds IONIC COMPOUND Tertiary Ionic Compound Binary Ionic Compound 2 elements more than 2 elements NaNO 3 NaCl

9. RETURN Ionic Bonds

10. zWhen oppositely charged ions attract, electrostatic force that holds them together = ionic bond zCompounds containing ionic bonds = ionic compounds zElectrons are transferred from cations to anions zBonds formed between metals and nonmetals (or contain a polyatomic ion)

11. Na· 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 RESULTS IN Na + 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 Ionic Bonds

12. Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature Arranged in repeating compounds generally have high melting points Large three-dimensional patterns Ionic e- attractive forces result in very stable structures Properties of Ionic Compounds

13. zPhysical structure yIons are packed into regular repeating pattern of ions = crystalline structure Ionic Bonding - Crystal Lattice

14. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water When ionic compounds are dissolved in water the crystalline structure breaks down so ions are able to move freely which results in conductivity Properties of Ionic Compounds

15. IONIC Bond Formation Type of Structure Solubility in Water Electrical Conductivity Other Properties Melting Point Form crystalline structures Summary Physical State Arranged in repeating three dimensional patterns. Have high melting points Soluble in water Can conduct an electric current in liquid when dissolved. Solid @ room temperature Hardness- Hard or Soft, Brittleness-Flexible-Brittle

16. Metals are good conductors because the valence electrons are able to flow freely Valence electrons of metals can be thought of as a sea of electrons Metals

17. Metallic Bonding - “Electron Sea” C. Metallic Bond

18. Have luster, are ductile and malleable Luster = shine Ductile = ability to be drawn into wires Malleable = ability to be shaped, pounded, etc D. Metallic Properties

19. Properties can be explained by the mobility of electrons in metals When subjected to pressure, the cations easily slide past each other like a ball bearing immersed in oil. D. Metallic Properties

20. “electron sea” METALLIC Bond Formation Smallest Unit Solubility in Water Electrical Conductivity Other Properties Melting Point B. Types of Bonds Physical State @ RT e - are delocalized among metal atoms very high yes (any form) no malleable, ductile, lustrous solid