1. Making Use of Microbes

2. Making use of Microbes What useful products do we make using microbes? beer wine penicillin enzymes bread biofuel biogas vinegar dr ug s insulin beer yoghurt beer Some of these use ancient techniques, while others use modern biotechnology. You need to know how to make beer and yoghurt. cheese quorn

3. Beer is made in two stages. 1.Starch in barley seeds is converted to maltose 2.Maltose is converted to ethanol starch  maltose  ethanol + carbon dioxide Use p231 to write notes on each stage, explaining what makes it happen and where it happens. Use technical terms. Brewing Beer Hawkshead Brewery tour (9min) American Brewery tour (4½min) 1 2

4. 1.Why is the water boiled before adding glucose and yeast? 2.Why is a thin layer of oil or paraffin added to the surface of the mixture? 3.Explain how you would set up a control experiment. What would this show? 4.If anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in yeast was taking place what would you be able to observe? Demonstrating Fermentation

5. Yoghurt is made from milk. Use p233 to answer these questions. 1.Name the acid in yoghurt. 2.How does this make yoghurt solid? 3.What else does the acid do in yoghurt? 4.How is this acid made (write the equation)? 5.Name the microbe that makes this reaction happen. 6.What else is done to make commercial yoghurt? Making Yoghurt Wine, beer, yoghurt and cheese production (BBC class clip)

6. Industrial Fermenters Industrial fermenters, like those used to brew beer, are also used in industry to manufacture products like: antibiotics (e.g. penicillin) drugs (e.g. asprin) hormones (e.g. insulin) enzymes (e.g. for washing powders). These vessels are still called fermenters even if they don’t carry out anaerobic respiration (fermentation). Genentech tour

7. Industrial Fermenters Explain the purpose of each of these parts (use p230 for help): 1.culture 2.nutrients 3.motor and stirrer 4.air 5.sparger 6.water jacket 7.exhaust gas vent 8.temperature and pH probes 9.acid/alkali inlet 10.steam inlet

8. Antibiotic production in fermenters

9. Computer controlled bioreactor

10. Antibiotic production in fermenters

11. Computer control room in a brewery

12. Biofuel factory