2. TensionsTensions Native Americans Buffalo Hunters Railroads U. S. Government CattlemenSheep Herders RanchersFarmers

3. TensionsTensions Ethnic Minorities Nativists Environmentalists Big Business Interests [mining, timber] Local Govt. Officials Farmers Buffalo Hunters Lawlessness of the Frontier “Civilizing” Forces [The “Romance” of the West]

5. Start of Railroad Construction 1862: Pacific Railway Act: authorized the construction of a transcontinental railroad

6. Railroad Construction

7. Transcontinental Railroads 1866-1869 Central Pacific Railroad Company moving east from Sacramento, CA Union Pacific Railroad moving west from Omaha, Nebraska

8. How to build railroads? Very expensive Federally funded A) tax payer funded government bonds B) by sale of land given by government to railroad companies

9. Ripe for massive corruption and fraud Publically funded railroad companies A) bilked the government by not paying back loans B) lied to their investors about rates of return C) speculated on land (drove up price and pocketed the difference) D) bribed politicians with free stock and favors for votes and a continuation of land subsidies

10. Fraud continued: Union Pacific: formed a mining company and mined coal for $2.00 per ton and sold it to the company for $6.00 per ton (pocketing the difference) Railroad companies paid per mile of track $16,000 for flat, $32,000 for hilly, and $48,000 for mountainous: tendency to go through more difficult terrain Used cheap materials that needed frequent repair

11. Private (Free Market) System better than government 1. Britain built entire railroad system privately (It could be done) 2. most of the U.S. publically funded companies went bankrupt 3. Only profitable railroad companies were privately held: Great Northern Railroad owned by James Hill 4. Congress enacted more legislation that hindered efficiency and prevented executives from making sound business decisions

12. Continued Federally subsidized railroads were mired in regulation and handicapped by inherent inefficiencies of government financed public works projects (Lorenzo, How Capitalism saved America, 2004.

13. “ The Big Four” Railroad Magnates (Central Pacific) Charles Crocker Mark Hopkins Leland Stanford Collis Huntington

14. Promontory Point, UT (May 10, 1869) Travel time cut from 3 months to one week: Ordered by the government to connect rail lines because companies selfishly were trying to continue government subsides by building parallel tracks that would not connect.

16. The Bronc Buster Frederick Remington

17. Black Cowboys

19. Colt.45 Revolver God didn’t make men equal. Colonel Colt did!

20. Legendary Gunslingers & Train Robbers Jesse James Billy the Kid

21. Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890

23. ProspectingProspecting

24. Mining Colorado gold rush in 1859 “Pikes Peak or Bust” Leadville, Co. (silver, lead, zinc and copper) Comstock Lode in Nevada (gold and silver) Anaconda Mine, Montana (copper)

25. Pikes Peak or Bust

26. Mining Centers: 1900

27. Anaconda Copper Mining Co. (MT)

28. Mining (“Boom”) Towns-- Now Ghost Towns Calico, CA

30. TheCattleTrailsTheCattleTrails

31. Cattle Drives Cattle driven to “railroad” terminals for train rides to the east Kansas City, MO Dodge City, Kansas Meat packing industry developed in Cincinnati, Chicago, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis, MN

32. Land Use: 1880s

33. New Agricultural Technology “Prairie Fan” Water Pump Steel Plow [“Sod Buster”]

34. Barbed Wire: Enclosed property much easier than split post rail fences Joseph Glidden

35. The Range Wars: Cattlemen vs. Farmers Sheep Herders Cattle Ranchers