1. 1 But, still only one-third through on points Wolf outlines back today Essays due next Thursday, 3/13 Notes (3/6) Half-way through semester today!

2. 2 Hohokam Pima for “those who have gone” Who, where, and how –Contrasts with Anasazi When Why they left Where they went

3. 3 Emil Haury 1904 – 1992 Observant Gap event Mammoth digs Studied all SW cultures Hohokam Head, Anthro. Dir., ASM Friend of LTRR

4. 4 Hohokam Sonoran desert Near rivers Tucson examples Where from?

5. 5 Sonoran Desert Environment Climate Vegetation Big difference:

6. 6 Hohokam Chronology 500 BC – AD 800 800 – 1150

7. 7 Hohokam Chronology 1150 – 1300 Post 1300

8. 8 Pithouses - - - -

9. 9 Preservation -

10. 10 Ballcourts - - - - - - -

11. 11 Hohokam Platform Mounds -

12. 12 Big Houses -

13. 13 Harvesting the Desert Trash piles instructive Plants –-–- –-–- –-–- Animals: –-–- –-–-

14. 14 Farming the Desert - - - - -

15. 15 Farming the Desert Canals well engineered –-–- –-–- Pueblo Grande: - - -

16. 16 Farming the Desert Floodwater farming –-–- - - Dry farming –-–- - - - -

17. 17 Environmental Zonation Alluvial fans: –-

18. 18 Zone 5 -

19. 19 Zone 2 -

20. 20 Zone 4 -

21. 21 Hohokam Abandonment Climate: Droughts & Floods Pro: –Late 1300s floods damaged irrigation system Con: –Had survived earlier floods.

22. 22 Salt River Stream Flow -

23. 23 Hohokam Abandonment Overpopulation Pro: –-–- - –-–- –-–- Con: –-–- –-–-

24. 24 Hohokam Abandonment Soil Salinization - Irrigation water –Fresh: - –Ground: - –CAP: - –Ocean: - Arid environment.

25. 25 Hohokam Abandonment Soil Salinization Ruins soil for farming: –-–- - - - –-–-

26. 26 Hohokam Abandonment Soil Salinization Pro: –-–- –-–- Con: –-–- –-–- - - –-–-

27. 27 Where Did They Go? -

28. 28 See Hohokam In Tucson Haury espoused field lecture connections Ft. Lowell Park –E. Glenn St. –N. Craycroft Rd. Go to ne corner Pithouse outline Lots of interp.

29. 29 Wolf Outlines Grading: 50 pts Average score: 40 (80%) Many no shows (ouch): please see me Plenty of evidence of synthesizing research items Lots of red on papers, but don’t take it personal.

30. 30 Essay Improvements Include more reference citations in text –~15 references need, nice mix (but not my web sites) Better organization –Intro: Quick history of the wolf to present –Cons to reintroduction, focus on a couple –Pros to reintroduction, perhaps in response to cons –Conclusion: Reintro is controversial but …

31. 31 Essay Improvements Don’t write too personal –Too much 1 st person voice, “I believe,” especially in conclusion Emphasize arguments, not arguers –Environmentalists are shoving the wolf down ranchers’ throats … –Passive voice ok, even preferred Redundancy is easy, but not helpful 1 species, and 2+ species (spee sheez) the Southwest, but the southwestern U.S.