1.  Stem Cells and Cloning

2. Stem Cells  Stem Cell: a cell that can continuously divide and differentiate into various tissues  Two Types:  Multipotent: adult stem cells and somatic cells  Pluripotent: embryonic cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells  http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-are-stem-cells-craig-a- kohn#watch http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-are-stem-cells-craig-a- kohn#watch

3. Cloning  Clone: an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is identical to the one that was preexisting; to make a genetic duplicate  Natural cloning: asexual reproduction  Abnormal development is the reason most clones do not survive very long

4. SCNT: Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer  Remove nucleus of surrogate’s egg cell  Replace with nucleus of adult cell you wish to clone:  Place cell next to empty surrogate egg cell  Use an electric shock to open membranes and fuse cells  Cell will begin to divide and develop into an embryo – implant into surrogate

8. Cloning Humans?  Is it possible? Is it something we should be worried about?  http://ed.ted.com/on/1ECgrLFU#watch http://ed.ted.com/on/1ECgrLFU#watch

9. Ethics  Safety  Unknown effects  Results vary  Human Rights  When does human life begin?  Can iPS cells become human clones?  Genetic Engineering