1. Colons: When and How to Use Them (grammatically, not anatomically)

2. Some examples of colons “There was even a word for it in Newspeak: facecrime, it was called” (Orwell 54). “There are three superstates in 1984: Oceania, East Asia, and Eurasia.” “The Party believes that controlling history is power: ‘He who controls the past, controls the future’” (Orwell 316).

3. When to use a colon A colon means “note what follows.”

4. When to use a colon “There was even a word for it in Newspeak: facecrime, it was called” (Orwell 54). RULE 1: Use a colon to combine two independent sentences if the second sentence clarifies or explains the first sentence.

5. Colon vs. Semicolon The colon has less power to separate than a semicolon: a semicolon makes you stop for a second, while a colon tells your eyes to move on to the next sentence.

6. When to use colons EX. “There are three superstates in 1984: Oceania, East Asia, and Eurasia.” RULE 2: Use a colon before a list of items, (especially after the expressions as follows and the following).

7. When (not) to use colons However, when using a colon to introduce a list, do not use the colon to separate a verb or preposition from its complements. Just remember, you must have a complete sentence before the colon. INCORRECT: “At the amusement park we rode: the tea cups, the ferris wheel, and the MindEraser.” CORRECT: “At the amusement park we rode the tea cups, the ferris wheel, and the MindEraser.”

8. When (not) to use colons However, when using a colon to introduce a list, do not use the colon to separate a verb or preposition from its complements. Just remember, you must have a complete sentence before the colon. INCORRECT: “Our family has lived in: California, Arizona, and Texas.” CORRECT: “Our family has lived in California, Arizona, and Texas.”

9. When to use colons EX. “The Party believes that controlling history is power: ‘He who controls the past, controls the future’” (Orwell 316). RULE 3: Use a colon before quotes if the quote is introduced with a complete sentence, and use them to introduce long, formal statements.

10. When to use Colons RULE 4: In time, use a colon between the hour and minute. 6:15 P.M. 8:30 tomorrow morning

11. When to Use Colons RULE 5: Between chapter and verse in Biblical references. Also, between volume and issue number. Psalms 8:9 (Biblical reference) The Week Magazine 11:541

12. When to Use Colons RULE 6: Between a title and subtitle Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors

13. When to Use Colons RULE 7: After the salutation of a business letter Dear Ms. Weinberg: Dear Sir or Madam: