2. Carbohydrates

3. Sugars make rings in aqueous solutions C CC C C C 1' 2'3' 4' 5' 6' O When sugars bond together, it happens at the 1 and 4 carbons. H H H H H OH H H

4. Simple & complex sugars Monosaccharides –simple 1 monomer sugars –Ex. glucose, fructose Disaccharides –2 monomers –Ex. maltose, sucrose Polysaccharides –large polymers –Starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O Glucose

5. Polysaccharides Polymers of sugars Function: –energy storage starch (plants) glycogen (animals) –in liver & muscles –structure cellulose (plants) chitin (arthropods & fungi) glucose

6. Building bigger sugars Dehydration synthesis | fructose | glucose monosaccharides | sucrose (table sugar) disaccharide H2OH2O

7. Digesting polysaccharides Say you ate a potato (full of starch!). What kind of reaction will your body carry out to digest the starch (we’ll say, 200 glucose bonded together) into monomers? What are the reactants? What are the products? Challenge: balance the equation! C 1200 H 2002 O 1001 + 199H 2 O--> 200C 6 H 12 O 6

8. Metabolism Sum of all reactions in your body  When you eat disachharides or polysaccharides, what happens?  When you have too much glucose in your blood, what happens?