1. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules Ch. 2.3 (pp. 44 – 48)

2. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules I Can …Explain why carbon atoms are often referred to as “the building block of life”, and describe what properties allow carbon to form large complex molecules and polymers essential for organisms. I Will … Identify the properties of carbon and list the four carbon-based molecules present in all living organisms. Describe the characteristics and functions of each of the four carbon-based molecules

3. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties: Four valence electrons Forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms Including other carbon atoms Three fundamental molecular shapes: Straight chain Branched chain Ring

4. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules Many carbon-based molecules are made of many smaller subunits bonded together. Monomers – individual subunit molecules. Polymers – made from many monomers bonded together.

5. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in organisms: 1. Carbohydrates Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Sugars, Starches Source of chemical energy for cells Part of plant cell structure Monomer – glucose (monosaccharide) Polymer – starches, glycogen, cellulose (polysaccharide) Four main types of carbon-based molecules

6. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules Four main types of carbon-based molecules 2. Lipids Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Nonpolar Energy storage / cell structure Fats, oils Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids Saturated Unsaturated Phospholipid Phosphate group (PO 4 - ) Glycerol + 2 fatty acids

7. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules 3. Proteins Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and (sometimes) Sulfur Structural, enzymes Polymer of amino acid monomers joined by peptide bonds 20 amino acids total 12 the body can make 8 essential (must be taken in) Protein determined by number, type of amino acids and how polypeptide chain is folded. Four main types of carbon-based molecules

8. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules 4. Nucleic Acids Polymer made of nucleotides (monomer) Nucleotide – Sugar, Phosphate group, and Nitrogen base. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Chromosomes/Genetics/ Cookbook of life RNA (Ribonucleic acid) Protein synthesis/Chef Four main types of carbon-based molecules

9. Learning Target: Carbon-Based Molecules Learning Check √: 1. Why can carbon atoms form large complex molecules? 2. 2.Why is Carbon called “the building block of life”? 3. 3.Complete Ch. 2.3 WS