1. Xavier Fung Miriam Hjertnes

2.  Thought, mood and anxiety disorder  Neurotransmitter and messaging centre disturbed  Affects ones perception of reality  12000 – 16000 in Norway  600 – 800 per year approxiamately  Rough estimate  10% suicide rate

3. 1) Paranoid type – suspicions, paranoia and relationship difficulties 2) Disorganized type – Disorder and Flat effect. Occurs earlier and gradually, disorganized speech and behavior, trouble taking care of themselves 3) Catatonic type – Disturbance in movement and decreased motor activity

4.  Positive symptoms – distort and exaggerated sights, sounds, thoughts and behavior - Beliefs, hallucinations, bizzare behavior and disorganized sppech, thoughts and movement  Negative symptoms – lack of motion or interest and flat effect, personal hygeine - Alogia and lack of speech, Avoltion and Anhedonia, posturing

5. 1) Genetic factors – only influencing  First degree relative  10%  General population  1%  60%  no family history 2) Environmental factors – trigger  High levels of stress  examples  Cortisol concentration increase

8.  Abnormalties: temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, frontal lobe  Two main neurotransmitters– dopamine, glutamate 40 – 50% Schizophrenics have abnormalities Enlarged brain ventricles

10. PET scans - Regions of the brain that are activated when a person performs a memory task.

11.  Movement and thoughts, reward, feelings and pleasure  High levels = psychotic and paranoid thinking  Larger amount of dopamine receptors in schizophrenics  Overactive dopamine system  Amphetamine induces dopamine and symptoms of schizophrenia

12.  Learning and formation and encoding of memory  Inhibition of glutamate receptors cause symptoms of schizophrenia e.g. PCP and ketamine  High levels of glutamate inhibitors  thought disorders  Glutamate receptors located throughout the brain  widespread cortical dysfunction  Located in brain circuits regulating dopamine release  dopamine concentration is linked to glutamate activity

13.  25% recovery  Medication + psychosocial treatment + regular examination  Exercise of Cognitive and Social skills  Men diagnosed earlier and tend to have have greater social dysfunction  Encouragement and help controlling of symptoms

14.  Learning required social skills  Supporting goals and activities  Regaining confidence – ordinary tasks  Group therapy + medication  Family therapy reduces relapse rate below 10%

15.  Antidepressant  Antipsychotic  Anti-anxiety  Challenges -cease taking medication

16.  Normalise biochemical imbalances, reduce relapse  Two types 1) Traditional Antipsychotics – hallucinations, delusions and confusions – block dopamine receptors 2) New antipsychotics – may work on both serotonin and deopamine receptors, fewer side effects and more effective   Atypical antipsychotics- Stabalization of mood, decreases frequency and intensity of mood swings – side effects Used as priority medication

17.  1% of world  Roughly 1.5million will be diagnosed every year  Prevlance rate : 1.1% of the population over 18  7.2 people out of 1000  51 million worldwide at any one time

18. Graph showing recovery of Schizophrenics

19. http://www.humanillnesses.com/Behavioral-Health-Ob- Sea/Schizophrenia.html#b http://www.jamesdisabilitylaw.com/schizophrenia.htm http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/schizophrenia/en/ http://www.schizophrenia.com/szfacts.htm 5 http://www.physio-pedia.com/Schizophrenia http://www.fhi.no/eway/default.aspx?pid=233&trg=MainLeft_5565 &MainArea_5661=5565:0:15,2343:1:0:0:::0:0&MainLeft_5565=5544 :61140::1:5569:9:::0:0 http://nhi.no/sykdommer/psykisk-helse/schizofreni/schizofreni- oversikt-3090.html?page=4 http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia/page4.htm#how_is_sch izophrenia_diagnosed