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Introduction to the CPU Introduction to the CPU Main Operations of the CPU Main Operations of the CPU Explanation of Operations Explanation of Operations Main components of the CPU Main components of the CPU What determines a CPU’s performance, what to look for, for a fast CPU. What determines a CPU’s performance, what to look for, for a fast CPU. CPU Comparison table CPU Comparison table CPU Comparison chart CPU Comparison chart Mr. Clarkson Talks About... The CPU (for GCSE Computing) Mr. Clarkson Talks About... The CPU (for GCSE Computing)
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The CPU is the portion of the computer system that carries out instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input and output operations of the system. It acts as the BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER
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The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The instructions are kept in some kind of computer memory. There are three steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, and execute
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Fetch- Gets next program instruction from the computer’s memory Decode- Figure out what the program is telling the computer to do Execute- Perform the requested action Write-back (Store)- Write (store) the results to a register or to memory
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The ALU Microprocessor:. Registers- Stores the most frequently used instructions and data Arithmetic-Logic unit- Performs arithmetic or logical operations Accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output.
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What determines a CPUs performance? Data bus width- The number of pathways within the CPU that transfers data (8, 16, 32, 64) Word size- The maximum number of bits of data that the CPU can process at a time (8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits) Operations per cycle (clock speed)- The number of clock cycles per second measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz) Specifications: Clock Speed: 1.0 GHz System / Front Side Bus Speed: 133 MHz Level 1 Cache: 16K Instruction + 16K data Level 2 Cache: 256 KB
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CPUGeneration ProcessNumber Data/Addres s GP RegisterMemoryInternal Technologytransistors Bus width (bits) width (bits)Bus speedClock speed Intel 80801st6.0 microns6 0008 /1682 MHz Intel 80881st3.0 microns29 0008 / 16164.77-8 MHz Intel 80861st3.0 microns29 00016 / 20164.77-8 MHz Intel 802862nd1.5 microns134 00016 / 24166-20 MHz Intel 80388 DX 3rd 1.5 / 1.0 microns 275 00032 / 323216-33 MHz Intel 80386 SX3rd 1.5 / 1.0 microns 275 00016 / 323216-33 MHz Intel 80486 DX 4th1.0 microns1.2 million32 / 323225-50 MHz Intel 80486 DX2 4th0.8 microns1.2 million32 / 323225-40 MHz50-80 MHz AMD 5x864th0.35 microns1.2 million32 / 323233 MHz133 MHz Intel Pentium 5th 0.8-0.0.35 microns 3.1 million64 / 323260-66 MHz60-200 MHz (P5/P54C) Cyrix 6x86 (M1) 5th0.6 microns3.0 million64 / 323250-75 MHz 100-150 MHz (P120-200)
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