1. Chapter 5

2.  Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:  Configure IP addresses  Identify & select valid IP addresses for networks  Configure a DHCP server  Configure a host to use DHCP for configuration  Troubleshoot & resolve IP addresses configuration and communication issues  Configure DNS addresses  Configure an IPv6 address

3. 5a.1

4.  Each host needs IP to communicate  Logical address  Assigned to the NIC  Computers, network printer, router interfaces  Remember  Packet has source & destination IP

5.  What protocol translates the name to the IP address?  DNS

6.  32 bit number  Four octets of 8 bits  Network & host portion of address  Routers read network portion only To send to correct network  192.168.2.16  Network is 192.168.2 .16 is the host portion

7.  Logical (not physical like MAC)  IPv4 has 32 bits, 4 octets  8 bits in each octet  11111111.10101010.11001100.00100101  Convert that to decimal:  192.101.28.36  Value in each octet from 0-255  That’s a total of 256 numbers.

8.  Add up the values of the binary 1’s  156  11100101  229 1286432168421 10011100

9.  Binary to Decimal Conversions Binary to Decimal Conversions  Add up the bit values to come up with the decimal answer  Decimal to Binary Conversions Decimal to Binary Conversions  Convert the decimal number to bits  Binary Game Binary Game  Create an account on cisco.com

10.  How many bits in an IPv4 address?  32  How many octets? How many bits in each?  4 octets; 8 bits in each  What can be the decimal value range of each octet?  0-255  How many numbers is 0-255?  256

11. 5a.2

12.  Network portion  Identifies network to the router  Router cares about this part  Host portion  Identifies the specific host  Router doesn’t care about this part Hierarchical Addressing  192.175.36.9

14.  255.255.255.0  How many total bits are on? (1’s) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 /24 notation  255.255.0.0  How many total bits are on? (1’s) 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 /16 notation  255.255.255.248  How many total bits are on? (1’s) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 /29 notation

15.  Subnet Mask  Helps router decide which network packet is on  Helps show which part of IP is network & host  32 bits  192.168.6.5 255.255.255.0  Binary 1’s - ID the network portion  Binary 0’s - ID the host portion

16.  SM helps tells us how many hosts are on that network  255.255.255.00000000  Binary 0’s= identifies # of hosts on that network  8 ZEROS is 2 8 =256  Subtract 2 for useable number Unusable: 00000000 (.0) is the network ID 11111111 (.255) is the broadcast address for a network Total Useable is 254

17.  SM 255.255.255.128  128= 10000000  2 7 = 128-2 is 126 hosts  SM 255.255.255.224  224= 11100000  2 5 = 32-2 is 30 hosts  SM 255.255.240.0 .240.0= 11110000.00000000  2 12 = 4096-2 is 4094 hosts

18.  Router ONLY knows which NETWORKS it is connected to!!!  Doesn’t care about individual hosts  It ANDs the IP & Subnet Mask  Result= DESTINATION NETWORK  Looks in routing table for destination network & sends it out the outgoing port

21.  199.81.210.17  255.255.255.240  What network does this belong to?

22.  One PC is 192.168.18.107 255.255.255.0  What is network does it belong to?  How many useable hosts?  Give PC’s addresses.

23.  What is the purpose of the subnet mask?  To help the router identify the destination network  A packet enters a router. Which address does it look at?  Destination IP  What process does it do with the destination IP & the subnet mask?  ANDs it  What is the result of the ANDing?  The destination network

24. 5a.3

25.  Large organizations  1-126  Default SM= 255.0.0.0  One octet for network, 3 octets for hosts  How many hosts available?  2 24 = over 16 million  10.52.33.7  N.H.H.H  255.0.0.0  120.111.99.87

26.  15.7.92.5 255.0.0.0  15= Class A  Default SM for Class A= 255.0.0.0  Network portion of address= 15.  Host portion=.7.92.5  Network ID= 15.0.0.0  All zero’s in the host portion  Broadcast address= 15.255.255.255  All binary one’s in the host portion

27.  Medium organizations  128-191  Default SM= 255.255.0.0  Two octets for network, 2 octets for hosts  How many hosts available?  2 16 = over 65,000  130.52.33.7  N.N.H.H  255.255.0.0  185.111.99.87

28.  167.101.52.36 255.255.0.0  167= Class B  Default SM for Class B= 255.255.0.0  Network portion of address= 167.101  Host portion=.52.36  Network ID= 167.101.0.0  All zero’s in the host portion  Broadcast address= 167.101.255.255  All binary one’s in the host portion

29.  Small organizations  192-223  Default SM= 255.255.255.0  Three octets for network, 1 octet for hosts  How many hosts available?  2 8 = 256-2 (254 useable)  199.52.33.7  N.N.N.H  255.255.255.0  220.111.99.87

30.  210.44.200.89 255.255.255.0  210= Class C  Default SM for Class C= 255.255.255.0  Network portion of address= 210.44.200  Host portion=.89  Network ID= 210.44.200.0  All zero’s in the host portion  Broadcast address= 210.44.200.255  All binary one’s in the host portion

31.  Class D not for hosts  D is multicast (one to a group)  224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255  Class E not for hosts  For testing only  240-255  All 0’s in host portion(s) = network ID  All 1’s in host portion(s)= broadcast CAN NOT USE THESE ADDRESSES FOR HOSTS!

32. Class 1 st Octet Range Default Subnet Mask Network/ Host Portions # of Hosts per Network A1-126255.0.0.0N.H.H.H16 million B128-191255.255.0.0N.N.H.H65,000 C192-223 255.255.255. 0 N.N.N.H254 DEDE D: 224-239 Is used for multicasting, webcasts, streaming video E: 240-255 Is used research only

34.  Address 168.19.203.12 255.255.0.0  What class?  What are the network portions?  What are the host portions?  What is the network address/ID?  What is the broadcast address?  What is the first usable address?

35.  8.1.2.8 Lab  ANDing Activity ANDing Activity  Determine the network address  Lots of Practice!

36.  Which version IP addresses are we dealing with?  IPv4  How many bits in an IP address?  32  How many octets in an IP address? 44  Which part of this address is the host portion? 199.81.71.6 66

37.  Which network does this belong on? 201.14.6.5 255.255.255.0  201.14.6.0 network  How many total hosts can be on that network? Useable?  256  254, why?

38. 5a.4

39. Address Class Address Range A10.0.0.0- 10.255.255.255 B172.16.0.0- 172.31.255.255 C192.168.0.0- 192.168.255.255  Some addresses are reserved & can not be routed across Internet  You can have a public IP for network/servers & private for hosts inside  Saves IP addresses

40.  If host does not connect DIRECTLY to Internet, it can have a private IP  Router BLOCKS private IP’s  Great Security!!!  Private IP’s can not be seen from Internet  127.0.0.0 range is reserved for loopback testing  169 is APIPA (local link)- no IP received from DHCP server

42.  Pass or Block IP Addresses Pass or Block IP Addresses  Decide to pass or block the IP depending upon if it’s private or public  Public or Private Public or Private  Drag each IP to public or private  Handout  Host, Network#, or Broadcast address, Class, default SM, usable/unusable for hosts

43.  What is the private range for class A?  10  What is the private range for B?  172.16- 172.31  What is the private range for C?  192.168  What is unique about the private addresses?  They are not routable  What does it mean if your address is 169?  APIPA; you did not get an IP from DHCP server

44. 5a.5

45.  One-to-one (Source to Destination)

46.  One-to-all (source to all) in segment  All hosts will look at it  All 1’s in host portion(s) of address  Last address in subnetwork (unusable for host)  Broadcast IP & MAC (all F’s)  Default Broadcasts  A- 10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0  B- 172.16.255.255 255.255.0.0  C- 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.0

48.  One-to-group  Class D 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255  Multicast MAC begins with 01-00-5E  Where is it used?  Gaming  Distance learning

50.  Unicast, Multicast, or Broadcast

51.  Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast  Look at the destination IP & click the devices that will receive it  Try it several time  Handout  CMD  Netstat –e  Do this every 10 seconds  Pay attention to non-unicast packets

52.  160.50.23.6 255.255.0.0; What network is this on?  160.50.0.0  Which default SM has the most hosts?  Class A 255.0.0.0  Over 16 million!  How many useable hosts in a Class C?  254  220.101.5.90 255.255.255.0; What network is this on?  220.101.5.0

53.  What are the private IP addresses?  10, 172.16-172.31, 192.168.  What is the MAC broadcast frame in hex?  FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF  What is the MAC for a multicast?  01-00-5E  One to one communication is…  Unicast  To send a unicast message, which addresses do you need?  Source & dest. IP & MAC

54. 5a.6

55.  How many bits in an IPv4 address?  32  How many octets in an IPv4 address? 44  What’s the range of numbers in each octet?  0-255  What are the bit values?  128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1  Convert 192.168.1.106  11000000.10101000.00000001.01101010

56.  11100101 to decimal  10001110 to decimal  11111000 to decimal  11111111 to decimal

57.  192 to binary  224 to binary  47 to binary  115 to binary

58.  Range:  Default Subnet Mask:  Which octets are Network & Host?  How many hosts available?  Give an example IP & SM:

59.  5 to binary  77 to binary  100 to binary  127 to binary  What’s in common with all of them?

60.  Range:  Default Subnet Mask:  Which octets are Network & Host?  How many hosts available?  Give an example IP & SM:

61.  128 to binary  142 to binary  191 to binary  What’s in common here?

62.  Range:  Default Subnet Mask:  Which octets are Network & Host?  How many hosts available, total & useable?  Give an example IP & SM:

63.  192 to binary  200 to binary  223 to binary  What’s common here?

64.  Class D  Multicasting  Class E  Experimental Use  Private Addresses  A-  B-  C-

66. Chapter 5