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II. Immediate Cause A. June 28, 1914, Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Francis FerdinandSerbian http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWarchduke.htm
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B. Germany gives Austria-Hungary a "blank check" to move against Serbia."blank check" http://www.worldwar1.com/photos/gkais.jpg Kaiser Wilhem II of Germany Kaiser Wilhem II with his uncle, King Edward VII of Great Britain Kaiser Wilhelm II with his cousin, Czar Nicholas II of Russia
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C. The ultimatum - July 23, 1914, ordered Serbia to end all anti-Austrian activities and let Austria handle the investigation of Ferdinand's murder, deliberately making the ultimatum too harsh to accept http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/images/scrpbk/scrpbk_observer_josef.jpg Austrian-Hungary Emperor Franz Joseph
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D. The start of war 1. July 28, 1914 Austria declared war on Serbia 2. Sets of a chain reaction - WWI began August 4, 1914
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III. The Course of the War (1914-1916) A. The Allies and the Central Powers 1.Allies - France, Britain, and Russia 2.Central Powers- Austria-Hungary and Germany a. Italy remained neutral at first and then joined the allies in 1915 b. Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers
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B. The Western FrontThe Western Front 1.The German Attack a. The Schlieffen Plan - The plan called for Germans to invade France through Belgium and after (what planners believed would be a quick) victory send the troops on trains to the Eastern front to fight the RussiansThe Schlieffen Plan http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/mowbray/gw-graphics/west1914.jpg
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2.Trench warfare - instead of a quick victory battle became a war of attrition -- German advance halted at YpresTrench warfareYpres
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3.New weapons;
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4.Stalemate http://library.thinkquest.org/C001396/media/emain.htm
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C. The Eastern FrontThe Eastern Front 1.early victories 2.Russian military effort degenerated until it collapsed. 3.Russian revolution forced into surrender March 1918 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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D. American neutrality-favoring Allies 1. propaganda 2. U-Boats interference with shipping - sinking of the Lusitania 3. economic motives a. American banks lent the Allies over $3 billion b.Trade with Allies worth $2.4 billion a year British propaganda poster illustrating the sinking of the 'Lusitania' by the Germans in 1915. National Library of Scotland, War Posters (1920) R.29.a
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