1. W ORLD W AR I New Weapons

2. W ORLD W AR I WAS THE F IRST MODERN WAR ● Airplanes, grenades, tanks were used for the first time.

3. M ACHINE G UN Fires ammunition automatically Could wipe out waves of attackers, making advancing difficult Made it difficult to attack and caused many deaths in WWI

4. H OW DID THE M ACHINE G UN C HANGE W ARFARE ? ● Made horse-mounted cavalry (like in Napoleonic Wars) now obsolete (no longer useful; out of date). ● Could wipe out waves of attackers and so it made it very hard for forces to advance. ● Because it was so difficult to attack, stalemate occurred.

5. A RTILLERY (M ISSILES OR B OMBS ) ● Artillery was revolutionized ● The first barrage (a line of artillery shells, firing continuously) was developed by the British. ● Became standard in supporting infantry attack.

6. G AS ● Gas was introduced by the Germans but used by both sides ● Caused blindness or severe blisters or death by choking ● Masks protected soldiers from gas. ● Had some horrific effects, but didn’t play a huge role in deciding the war

7. H OW D ID G AS C HANGE W ARFARE ? ● The number of non-fatal casualties was high (only 3% died form gas, but a lot were injured) ● It was impossible to develop very effective protections against gas attacks, so gas became one of soldiers’ greatest fears.

8. P OISON G AS S TATISTICS Poison Gas Deaths: 1914-1918 CountryNon-FatalDeathsTotal British Empire180,5978,109188,706 France182,0008,000190,000 United States71,3451,46272,807 Italy55,3734,62760,000 Russia419,34056,000475,340 Germany191,0009,000200,000 Austria-Hungary97,0003,000100,000 Others9,0001,00010.000 Total1,205,65591,1981,296,853

9. T ANKS ● Armored combat vehicle, moved on chain tracks to cross many different types of terrain ● Developed in 1916 by the British ● Began to be used in 1917 and only became effective in 1918, at the end of the war

10. H OW DID T ANKS C HANGE W ARFARE ? ● Basically, it put an end to trench warfare and stalemate. BUT only in 1918 -- at the very end of the war ● Just FYI: By World War II, the tank had evolved to a fearsome weapon which made the trench obsolete.

11. S UBMARINE Introduced by Germans in 1914 (“U-Boat”) Stealth: difficult to detect, until too late Torpedo was an underwater missile released by the submarine – used against larger battleships

12. H OW D ID S UBMARINES C HANGE W ARFARE ? ● Provided a new way to destroy enemy ships carrying important cargo (i.e. men, weapons, and supplies) ● During World War I more than 5,000 Allied ships were sunk by U-boats. ● Unrestricted submarine warfare will get Germany in trouble later in the war. U.S. enters the war when Germans attack a boat with U.S. supplies.

13. R IFLE ● Not a new weapon, but it was highly improved in WWI ● Main weapon used by soldiers ● Deadly up to 600 yards (1/3 of a mile)

14. O THER NEW T ECHNOLOGY Railroad ● Move around: ● Reinforcements ● Materials ● Mobilization

15. T ELEPHONE ● Okay for communicating within your own lines ● What happens when you break through? How do you tell your generals?

16. A IRPLANES ● Small ● Areas of importance: ● Pictures of troop movements ● Duels in the air ● WWI fighter pilots had a life expectancy of less than a year