2. Photosynthesis Process in which light energy converts inorganic compounds into chemical energy of organic compounds (food)

3. Form of autotrophic nutrition

4. Equation Carbon + dioxide water oxygen glucose + water + light Chlorophyll light 6CO 2 +12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 +6H 2 O +6O 2 Chlorophyll http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/photosynthesis.swf (wastes)

5. Where does Photosynthesis occur? Cells of leaves

6. Cells that contain chloroplast which contains chlorophyll a green pigment that absorbs light

10.  Autotrophs perform photosynthesis. Include most plants, some bacteria & protists (algae) Include most plants, some bacteria & protists (algae)  Capable of synthesizing organic materials from inorganic raw materials  Ultimate source of energy = Sun (a) Mosses, ferns, and flowering plants (b) Kelp (c) Euglena (d) Cyanobacteria THE BASICS:

11.  Organelle : Occurs in the CHLOROPLAST  Raw materials : Carbon dioxide & Water  Products : Glucose & Oxygen gas  Plants use some Glucose for their own energy– and store excess as STARCH THE BASICS:

12. Review

13. video Raw materials/ reactants Products

14. Leaf is the photosynthetic organ of the plant

15. What happens during photosynthesis?

16. 2 PARTS 1. Light dependent reactions Photochemical reactions

17. Chlorophyll traps light causing Water to split into H and O H 2 O  H 2 + O

18. Oxygen (waste) exits through stomata Hydrogen = used for next part H 2 O  H 2 + O Oxygen (air)

19. 2. Light – Independent reactions Dark reactions Carbon fixation No light needed

20. CO 2 and H combine to form glucose CO 2 + H Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )

21. What are the gas bubbles produced by the plant? Which of the 2 reactions produced these bubbles, the light or the dark?

22. Best color light for photosynthesis Blue & red Easily absorbed

23. Least effective = green (reflected)

24. What is the glucose used for? Respiration (making energy) Glucose ATP

25. Stored as starch

28. Do plants carry out respiration?  Yes in order to produce energy  Aerobic Respiration  Occurs in mitochondria

30.  Do you recall?  Which organelle is the site of autotrophic nutrition?  What are the two raw materials necessary for a plant to perform photosynthesis?  Analyze this reaction is it dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?

33. A C B DO NOW: Copy and complete the chart below and answer the question below. Why is photosynthesis an important process to all living things?

34. Reverse of photosynthesis

35. Produces food (source of energy) for itself & all other organisms

37. ROOTS STOMATA LEAVES VASCULAR TISSUE/BUNDLE

38. the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil The two major functions of roots are ROOTS 1.) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients 2.) anchoring the plant body to the ground

39. ROOT HAIRS Increase surface area for absorption of water and nutrients

40. STOMATA (stomate; singular) is a pore found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gas exchange Guard cells which are responsible for regulating the size of the opening

41. LEAVES A leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis

42. Adaptive Features of Leaves Flat and thin to increase surface area for light exposure Stomata on the lower surface Cuticle for protection

44. Chloroplasts Palisade Layer Spongy Layer Epidermis Stomate and guard cells Cuticle

47. CUTLICLE Prevents contamination of plant tissues with external water, dirt and microorganisms Creates a waterproof membrane

48. VASCULAR TISSUE

49. VASCULAR TISSUE/BUNDLE Contains Xylem and Phloem tubes Tubes that are used to transport materials around plant Xylem transports water from the roots Phloem transports food (glucose)

50. Review:

52. Abiotic = nonliving part of ecosystem (ex. minerals, water, temperature)

56. Photosynthesis Song  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_u ez5WX1o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_u ez5WX1o  The World of Plants: Photosynthesis – unitedstreaming.com

58. CHROMATOGRAPHY

61. The water is above the pigment mixture spot

64. Different Pigments Absorb Light Differently Best Overall Colors: _____________ and ____________ Worst Overall Color: _______________

65. Within which organelle does photosynthesis occur? Within which organelle does photosynthesis occur? What are the two raw materials of photosynthesis? What are the two raw materials of photosynthesis? What are the products of the photosynthesis reaction? What are the products of the photosynthesis reaction? What types of organisms perform photosynthesis? What types of organisms perform photosynthesis? What is the major product of the light reaction ? What is the major product of the light reaction ? What is the major product of the dark reaction ? What is the major product of the dark reaction ? Where does the light reaction occur? Where does the light reaction occur? Where does the dark reaction occur? Where does the dark reaction occur? What molecule is split in order to release oxygen gas? What molecule is split in order to release oxygen gas? What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth? What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth? What are the two most effective colors of light for photosynthesis? What are the two most effective colors of light for photosynthesis? What is the worst color of light for photosynthesis? What is the worst color of light for photosynthesis? Provide an example of 3 organisms that are capable of photosynthesizing. Provide an example of 3 organisms that are capable of photosynthesizing.

69. plateau At low CO 2 concentration, rate is positively correlated with concentration As amount of available CO2 increases, photosynthesis increases until a point, then it levels off.

70. plateau As the amount of available light increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases - then it levels off.

71. Increased temp. gives increased energy and increased rate of photosynthesis Optimum temperature Above the optimum temp., enzymes are denatured and rate drops steeply. Which enzymes are used in respiration? As temperature increases, rate of photosynthesis increases to a point… Above 35 C the rate rapidly decreases… WHY???

72. Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy.

73.  True or False: Photosynthesis occurs during the day-time ONLY!

74.  True or False: As the temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis will decrease.

75.  True or False: Oxygen and water are the raw materials for the process of photosynthesis.

76.  True of False: Photosynthesis is a process performed by autotrophs in which light energy is converted into chemical energy.

77.  This term refers to the complex carbohydrate that plants store their excess sugar as?

78.  What is the least effective color of light for plants to do photosynthesis in? Why?

79.  True or False: Guard Cells are holes in the surface of a leaf which allow the passage of oxygen gas.

80.  What life process studied earlier this year includes the process of photosynthesis?

81. Explain the Process of Photosynthesis with regard to the following:  List the raw materials needed for this process  List the products made from this process  State the types of organisms that do this process  State the time of day that this process takes place  State the type of cells (plant or animal) that are capable of this process  State the importance of this process  Explain how the glucose created in this process enters the cells of animals and is put to use.

82. 1.What is this picture a cross section of? 2.What are tiny openings found in the lower epidermis called? 3.What structures are present to control the opening and closing of these “holes”? 4.What substances are exchanged through these openings? 5.How is the closing of these tiny openings during a drought an exmape of the plant maintaining homeostasis?

83. 1.Identify one substance that could be found at letter “A”. 2.Identify the source of energy necessary to allow the chloroplast to perform photosynthesis. 3.What types of cells, plant or animal, contain mitochondria? 4.What are the two substances released by the chloroplast at letter “B”? 5.What important cell process can the mitochondria perform? 6.What is the ATP released by the mitochondria used for? 7.What might a plant do with excess glucose produced by photosynthesis?

84. How does the structure of a leaf assist in the maintenance of homeostasis for the plant?