1. Shanghai Window Shopping – Shanghai Shopping

2. The Ivory Wars

3. Ivory Background  Exists in rhinoceros, narwhals, walrus, pigs, and sperm whales  Elephant are the most important source  A tusk is a “big incisor tooth”  Ivory is used for a variety of purposes

4. Occupy for Animals - 2013

5. Sa’dabad Palace, Iran, 2013

6. Ivory Piano Keys

7. Hankos – Japanese stamps made of ivory – status symbol

8. Harvesting Ivory = Lucrative!

9. Commodity Prices – per pound basis  Gold = $ 16 310  Oil = $ 32  Corn = $.11  Diamond = $49 000 approx.  Raw Ivory (2012) = $900

10. And dangerous!

11. African Wildlife Trust - 2012

12. Zakouma National Park : Southeastern Chad, Central Africa

13. Elephant Facts  Average elephants live up to 60- 80 years old  Tusks weight 60 – 100 lbs at 60 years  Gestation (pregnancy) is 22 months  Live in large herds, the oldest matriarch is the boss  Eat approximately 150 kgs of vegetation every day Source: Dr. Mike Loomis – North Carolina Zoological Park

14. The Ivory Trade  Majority of ivory is leaving Africa and destined for the East Asia (China, Japan)  In 1979, – 1.3 million elephants in Africa  By 1989, only 600 000 remained  Many blamed it on the increase in Ivory demand  In 1989 CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna) made the trade of ivory illegalillegal

15. Supporters of The Ivory Ban  Eastern African Countries  Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda are dependant upon tourism and safaris generate large amounts of income  44% of Tanzania’s land base is national parks  Safaris generated over $1.7 billion (2011) for Tanzania  People want to see the big five, buffalo, lion, leopard, rhinoceros and of course elephants

16. Kenya Ivory Burning - 1989 In protest of the Ivory Trade - the Kenyan government rather burn their ivory, then have it sold illegally.

17. Opposition to the Ban  Southern African Countries including South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland  These countries struggle with too many elephants  Suggest culling (harvesting the sick and old) elephants to support community programs.

18.  The Campfire Program Until 1989, Zimbabwe granted locals permission to kill a certain number of elephants.  Revenue from those elephant tusks was used to build schools, wells and health clinics.  Trophy Hunting In Zimbabwe, a family of 8 can subsist on $230/year. A 21-day hunt brings $ 50 000 into the local community