1. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Peter Bentley Technical Projects Manager Skandia Team GBR

2. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide You don't need a weather man To know which way the wind blows Bob Dylan Subterranean Homesick Blues

3. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

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6. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Sailing in tide - Which way does the wind blow? Solutions: Trigonometry Vectors

7. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Solutions: Trigonometry Vectors

8. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Vectors Vectors are easy! The length of the line represents the magnitude of the action – speed of wind, tide, boat etc. The angle of the line represents the direction the wind, boat, tide etc. is moving. If we draw the lines so they touch at the ends, we can ‘add’ the vectors

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18. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

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22. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Downwind: Which way does the wind blow? Where shall we put the mark?

23. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

24. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

25. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

26. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

27. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

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30. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Windward-Leeward Courses Using just two buoys you can’s set a perfect beat and a perfect run in a cross-tide situation

31. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Windward-Leeward Courses Using just two buoys you can’s set a perfect beat and a perfect run in a cross-tide situation Compromise In all but the most extreme situations it is possible to produce a good compromise

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33. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

34. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Summary so far….

35. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Sailing Wind The Sailing Wind is that experienced by a free-floating stationary boat

36. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Sailing Wind The Sailing Wind is that experienced by a free-floating stationary boat Upwind The Sailing Wind is always influenced by the tide The COG and SOG is always influenced by the tide The two effects are additive

37. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Sailing Wind The Sailing Wind is that experienced by a free-floating stationary boat Upwind The Sailing Wind is always influenced by the tide The COG and SOG is always influenced by the tide The two effects are additive Downwind The Sailing Wind is always influenced by the tide The COG and SOG is always influenced by the tide The two effects are subtractive

38. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Startlines Unbiased starting lines are set at 90 degrees to the sailing wind

39. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Startlines Unbiased starting lines are set at 90 degrees to the sailing wind Course Axis Unbiased legs are set based on VMG with equal time on each tack

40. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

41. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide What can go wrong?

42. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide The Naive Race Officer

43. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide

44. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide The Very Naive Race Officer I’m not suggesting any of you would do this….. But If using our original scenario, we put the windward mark directly upwind of the committee boat using a wind reference from the Committee boat (Ground Wind) 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 40 seconds b) 22 seconds c) 17 seconds

45. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide The Very Naive Race Officer I’m not suggesting any of you would do this….. But If using our original scenario, we put the windward mark directly upwind of the committee boat using a wind reference from the Committee boat (Ground Wind) 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack c) 17 seconds

46. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Vector Changes

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52. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Wind Shear What is the Sailing Wind vector?

53. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Wind Shear What is the Sailing Wind vector? A very difficult question to answer Wind at mean rig height? Split-tacks?

54. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Wind Shear What is the Sailing Wind vector? A very difficult question to answer Wind at mean rig height? Split-tacks? Well instrumented race-boats use split-tacks to set up the system calibration

55. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Taller weather-boat masts are one solution….

56. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Other Errors Small hand-held wind meters (and some more expensive ones) have notoriously poor calibration, especially at low speeds.

57. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Other Errors Small hand-held wind meters (and some more expensive ones) have notoriously poor calibration, especially at low speeds. Shore based anemometers are often badly sited

58. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Other Errors Small hand-held wind meters (and some more expensive ones) have notoriously poor calibration, especially at low speeds. Shore based anemometers are often badly sited Official reported winds are in degrees True. Sailors and race committees work in degrees Magnetic. Not generally a problem in the UK

59. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide How significant are the Errors Goals Unbiased start lines Approximately equal time one each tack - upwind Approximately equal time one each gybe - downwind

60. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 50 seconds c) 40 seconds

61. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 50 seconds c) 40 seconds 10 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 40 seconds c) 30 seconds

62. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 50 seconds c) 40 seconds 10 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 42 seconds c) 30 seconds 18 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 40 seconds b) 30 seconds c) 20 seconds

63. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack b) 50 seconds 10 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack b) 42 seconds 18 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack b) 30 seconds

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65. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind

66. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good

67. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out

68. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out The errors introduced by these effects are very significant to the quality of the racing

69. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out The errors introduced by these effects are very significant to the quality of the racing There are no hard and fast answers

70. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out The errors introduced by these effects are very significant to the quality of the racing There are no hard and fast answers As with so much involved in race officering, awareness and experience are the best tools

71. Gold Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Team Suppliers Silver Sponsors Wind and Tide Thanks for listening…..