1. What is Adolescence?

2. Adolescence The period between childhood and adulthood
From puberty (the start of sexual maturation) to independence from parents

3. Physical Development in Adolescence

4. Puberty
The period of sexual maturation where the person becomes capable of reproducing
Starts at approximately age 11 in females and age 13 in males
Major growth spurt

5. Physical Development

6. Primary Sex Characteristics
The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
Ovaries in females
Testes in males

7. Secondary Sex Characteristics
Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
Breasts and hips in females
Facial hair and voice changes in males

8. Sexual Characteristics

9. Sexual Orientation
One’s attraction toward people of a particular gender
Usually heterosexual or homosexual; small minority bisexual

10. Heterosexual
A sexual orientation in which a person is attracted to members of the opposite sex
“straight”

11. Homosexual
A sexual orientation in which a person is attracted to members of the same sex
Approximately 6-8% of the male population and 3-4% of the female population

12. Social Development in Adolescence

13. Each stage has its own psychosocial, developmental task a “crisis”.
Erik Erikson
Constructed an 8-stage theory of social development
Each stage has its own psychosocial, developmental task a “crisis”.

14. Trust v. mistrust Infancy to 1 year
If needs meet infant develops a sense of basic trust, or will develop mistrust

15. Autonomy v. shame and doubt
1 to 2 years
Learn to exercise and do things for self or they will doubt their abilities

16. Initiative v. guilt
3 to 5
Learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent

17. Competence v. inferiority
6 years to puberty
Learn pressure of applying themselves to a tasks, or they feel guilty

18. Identity v. role confusion
Teens into 20s
Refining sense of self by testing roles – challenging authority eventually find SELF or become confused about who they are

19. Intimacy v. isolation 20s to 40s Forming close relationships
Deeper love or socially isolated

20. Generativity v. stagnation
40s to 60s
discover sense of contributing to the world or they may feel lack of purpose

21. Ego integrity v. despair
60 and up
Reflecting on life either feel satisfied or failure

22. Social Development in Adolescence: Developing Identity

23. Identity
A strong, consistent sense of who and what a person is, search through:
Experimentation
Rebellion
“Self”-ishness
Optimism and energy

24. Intimacy
A close, sharing, emotional, and honest relationship with other people (primary task of early adulthood)
Not necessarily one’s spouse or a sexual relationship

25. Adulthood
How easily one passes between stages depends on cultural and economic factors
Erickson showed that development is an ongoing process that is never finished

26. Are Adults Prisoners of Childhood?
Traumatized children are more likely to have emotional and behavioral problems
Evidence from the following suggest that negative effects are not inevitable

27. Partnerships formed
Parenthood
Work (double shift)
Midlife crisis/transition

28. Menopause
Retirement
Change in relationships- empty nest, death of family & friends